PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Struyf, Filip
AU  - Tate, Angela
AU  - Kuppens, Kevin
AU  - Feijen, Stef
AU  - Michener, Lori A
TI  - Musculoskeletal dysfunctions associated with swimmers’ shoulder
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096847
DP  - 2017 May 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 775--780
VI  - 51
IP  - 10
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/10/775.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/10/775.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2017 May 01; 51
AB  - Shoulder pain is the most reported area of orthopaedic injury in swimmers. The so-called ‘swimmers’ shoulder’ has been applied to a variety of complaints involving shoulder pain in swimmers without specific reference to contributing mechanisms or structures. Knowledge of dysfunctions associated with swimmers’ shoulder can assist clinicians in developing rehabilitation strategies. This literature review aims at providing clinicians insight into the musculoskeletal mechanisms and impairments associated with swimmers’ shoulder that could aid them in developing rehabilitation strategies. The following musculoskeletal dysfunctions will be discussed: muscle activity, strength, endurance, muscle control, range of motion, glenohumeral laxity, glenohumeral instability, shoulder posture and scapular dyskinesis. The findings in this review may have implications for swimmers, their coaches, and rehabilitation specialists working with swimmers.