PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gavin A Davis
AU  - Michael Makdissi
AU  - Paul Bloomfield
AU  - Patrick Clifton
AU  - Ruben J Echemendia
AU  - Éanna Cian Falvey
AU  - Gordon Ward Fuller
AU  - Gary Green
AU  - Peter Rex Harcourt
AU  - Thomas Hill
AU  - Nathan McGuirk
AU  - Willem Meeuwisse
AU  - John W Orchard
AU  - Martin Raftery
AU  - Allen K Sills
AU  - Gary S Solomon
AU  - Alex Valadka
AU  - Paul McCrory
TI  - International study of video review of concussion in professional sports
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099727
DP  - 2019 Oct 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 1299--1304
VI  - 53
IP  - 20
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/53/20/1299.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/53/20/1299.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2019 Oct 01; 53
AB  - Background Video review has become an important tool in professional sporting codes to help sideline identification and management of players with a potential concussion.Aim To assess current practices related to video review of concussion in professional sports internationally, and compare protocols and diagnostic criteria used to identify and manage potential concussions.Methods Current concussion management guidelines from professional national and international sporting codes were reviewed. Specific criteria and definitions of video signs associated with concussion were compared between codes. Rules and regulations adopted across the codes for processes around video review were also assessed.Results Six sports with specific diagnostic criteria and definitions for signs of concussion identified on video review participated in this study (Australian football, American football, world rugby, cricket, rugby league and ice hockey). Video signs common to all sports include lying motionless/loss of responsiveness and motor incoordination. The video signs considered by the majority of sports as most predictive of a diagnosis of concussion include motor incoordination, impact seizure, tonic posturing and lying motionless. Regulatory requirements, sideline availability of video, medical expertise of video reviewers and use of spotters differ across sports and geographical boundaries. By and large, these differences reflect a pragmatic approach from each sport, with limited underlying research and development of the video review process in some instances.Conclusions The use of video analysis in assisting medical staff with the diagnosis or identification of potential concussion is well established across different sports internationally. The diagnostic criteria used and the expertise of the video review personnel are not clearly established, and research efforts would benefit from a collaborative harmonisation across sporting codes.