PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nadine Rasenberg
AU  - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
AU  - Lars Fuit
AU  - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
AU  - Amy Dieker
AU  - Peter van Veldhoven
AU  - Patrick J E Bindels
AU  - Marienke van Middelkoop
TI  - Custom insoles versus sham and GP-led usual care in patients with plantar heel pain: results of the STAP-study - a randomised controlled trial
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101409
DP  - 2021 Mar 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 272--278
VI  - 55
IP  - 5
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/5/272.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/5/272.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2021 Mar 01; 55
AB  - Objectives To compare custom-made insoles to sham insoles and general practice (GP)-led usual care in terms of pain at rest and during activity at 12 weeks follow-up in individuals with plantar heel pain.Methods In this randomised clinical trial 185 patients aged 18 to 65 years, with a clinical diagnosis of plantar heel pain for at least 2 weeks, but no longer than 2 years were recruited. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) GP-led treatment, plus an information booklet with exercises (usual care; n=46), (2) referral to a podiatrist for treatment with a custom-made insole plus an information booklet with exercises (custom-made insole; n=70) and (3) referral to a podiatrist and treatment with a sham insole plus an information booklet with exercises (sham insole; n=69). As well as the primary outcome of pain severity (11-point Numerical Rating Scale) we used the Foot Function Index (0 to 100) as a secondary outcome.Results Of 185 randomised participants, 176 completed the 12-week follow-up. There was no difference in pain or function between the insole and the sham groups at 12 weeks. Participants in the GP-led usual care group reported less pain during activity at 12 weeks, (mean difference (MD) 0.94, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.65), less first step pain (MD 1.48, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.31), better function (MD 7.37, 95% CI 1.27 to 13.46) and higher recovery rates (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.96) compared with participants in the custom insole group.Conclusions Referral to a podiatrist for a custom-made insole does not lead to a better outcome compared to sham insoles or compared to GP-led usual care.Trial registration number NTR5346.