PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - R. J. Young
TI  - The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality.
AID  - 10.1136/bjsm.13.3.110
DP  - 1979 Sep 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 110--117
VI  - 13
IP  - 3
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/13/3/110.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/13/3/110.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med1979 Sep 01; 13
AB  - The effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning and personality was investigated in 32 subjects representing 4 discrete groups based on sex and age. Before and after a 10 week exercise programme of jogging, calisthenics, and recreational activities, a test battery was administered to assess functioning in a number of domains: intelligence (WAIS Digit Symbol and Block Design); brain function (Trail-Making); speed of performance (Crossing-Off); memory and learning (WMS Visual Reproduction and Associate Learning); morale and life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction and Control Ratings); anxiety (MAACL); and depression (MAACL). Improvement was observed on several physiological parameters. ANOVA revealed significant sex and age differences on Digit Symbol and Block Design and age differences on Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, Associate Learning, and anxiety. Regardless of sex and age, significant improvement in performance was observed from pre to post-test on Digit Symbol, Block Design, Trail-Making, Crossing-Off, and on Associate Learning. In addition, an increase on health status rating (p less than .01) and decrease in anxiety were observed from pre to post-test. These data illustrate beneficial effects of exercise on certain measures of cognitive functioning and personality.