TY - JOUR T1 - Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine JO - Br J Sports Med SP - 394 LP - 412 DO - 10.1136/bjsm.2008.048934 VL - 42 IS - 6 AU - P Renstrom AU - A Ljungqvist AU - E Arendt AU - B Beynnon AU - T Fukubayashi AU - W Garrett AU - T Georgoulis AU - T E Hewett AU - R Johnson AU - T Krosshaug AU - B Mandelbaum AU - L Micheli AU - G Myklebust AU - E Roos AU - H Roos AU - P Schamasch AU - S Shultz AU - S Werner AU - E Wojtys AU - L Engebretsen Y1 - 2008/06/01 UR - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/42/6/394.abstract N2 - The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains high in young athletes. Because female athletes have a much higher incidence of ACL injuries in sports such as basketball and team handball than male athletes, the IOC Medical Commission invited a multidisciplinary group of ACL expert clinicians and scientists to (1) review current evidence including data from the new Scandinavian ACL registries; (2) critically evaluate high-quality studies of injury mechanics; (3) consider the key elements of successful prevention programmes; (4) summarise clinical management including surgery and conservative management; and (5) identify areas for further research. Risk factors for female athletes suffering ACL injury include: (1) being in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle compared with the postovulatory phase; (2) having decreased intercondylar notch width on plain radiography; and (3) developing increased knee abduction moment (a valgus intersegmental torque) during impact on landing. Well-designed injury prevention programmes reduce the risk of ACL for athletes, particularly women. These programmes attempt to alter dynamic loading of the tibiofemoral joint through neuromuscular and proprioceptive training. They emphasise proper landing and cutting techniques. This includes landing softly on the forefoot and rolling back to the rearfoot, engaging knee and hip flexion and, where possible, landing on two feet. Players are trained to avoid excessive dynamic valgus of the knee and to focus on the “knee over toe position” when cutting. ER -