RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement
JF British Journal of Sports Medicine
JO Br J Sports Med
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
SP 394
OP 412
DO 10.1136/bjsm.2008.048934
VO 42
IS 6
A1 P Renstrom
A1 A Ljungqvist
A1 E Arendt
A1 B Beynnon
A1 T Fukubayashi
A1 W Garrett
A1 T Georgoulis
A1 T E Hewett
A1 R Johnson
A1 T Krosshaug
A1 B Mandelbaum
A1 L Micheli
A1 G Myklebust
A1 E Roos
A1 H Roos
A1 P Schamasch
A1 S Shultz
A1 S Werner
A1 E Wojtys
A1 L Engebretsen
YR 2008
UL http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/42/6/394.abstract
AB The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains high in young athletes. Because female athletes have a much higher incidence of ACL injuries in sports such as basketball and team handball than male athletes, the IOC Medical Commission invited a multidisciplinary group of ACL expert clinicians and scientists to (1) review current evidence including data from the new Scandinavian ACL registries; (2) critically evaluate high-quality studies of injury mechanics; (3) consider the key elements of successful prevention programmes; (4) summarise clinical management including surgery and conservative management; and (5) identify areas for further research. Risk factors for female athletes suffering ACL injury include: (1) being in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle compared with the postovulatory phase; (2) having decreased intercondylar notch width on plain radiography; and (3) developing increased knee abduction moment (a valgus intersegmental torque) during impact on landing. Well-designed injury prevention programmes reduce the risk of ACL for athletes, particularly women. These programmes attempt to alter dynamic loading of the tibiofemoral joint through neuromuscular and proprioceptive training. They emphasise proper landing and cutting techniques. This includes landing softly on the forefoot and rolling back to the rearfoot, engaging knee and hip flexion and, where possible, landing on two feet. Players are trained to avoid excessive dynamic valgus of the knee and to focus on the “knee over toe position” when cutting.