PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Caroline Haas
AU  - Timothy A Butterfield
AU  - Yi Zhao
AU  - Xiaoli Zhang
AU  - David Jarjoura
AU  - Thomas M Best
TI  - Dose-dependency of massage-like compressive loading on recovery of active muscle properties following eccentric exercise: rabbit study with clinical relevance
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091211
DP  - 2013 Jan 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 83--88
VI  - 47
IP  - 2
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/2/83.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/2/83.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2013 Jan 01; 47
AB  - Background Optimal strategies for massage and its use in athletes have not been conclusively demonstrated. Purpose/study design Effects of varying duration, frequency and magnitude of massage-like compressive loading (MLL) on recovery of skeletal muscle active properties (torque angle (T-Θ) relationship) following exercise-induced muscle injury were studied. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of hindlimb tibialis anterior muscles. Following a bout of eccentric exercise (EEX), rabbits were randomly assigned to a MLL protocol of 0.25 or 0.5 Hz at 5 or 10 N for 15 or 30 min. T-Θ was obtained for 21 tibiotarsal joint angles pre- and post-EEX and post 4 consecutive days of MLL. Muscle wet weight and H&E sections were obtained following final treatments. Results EEX produced an average 61.8%±2.1 decrease in peak isometric torque output. Differences in torque recovery were found between magnitudes (5 and 10 N; p=0.004, n=12) and frequencies (0.25 and 0.5 Hz; p=0.012, n=12), but no difference for durations (15 and 30 min) with the 0.5 Hz, 10 N, 15 min protocol showing greatest recovery 4 days post-EEX. MLL muscle (n=12) wet weight was 3.22±0.18 g, while no MLL tissue (n=9) weighed 3.74±0.22 g (p=0.029). Histological analysis showed a difference in torn fibres between low-parameter and high-parameter MLL (6.5±1.04 vs 0.5±0.29 per 0.59 mm2, p=0.005). Conclusions Results showed a dose-response effect for magnitude and frequency of MLL on recovery of active muscle properties following EEX. Future studies will investigate underlying biological mechanisms for this enhanced recovery of muscle function.