PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nienke E Lankhorst
AU  - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
AU  - Marienke van Middelkoop
TI  - Factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review
AID  - 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090369
DP  - 2013 Mar 01
TA  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
PG  - 193--206
VI  - 47
IP  - 4
4099  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/4/193.short
4100  - http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/4/193.full
SO  - Br J Sports Med2013 Mar 01; 47
AB  - This review systematically summarises factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). A systematic literature search was conducted. Studies including ≥20 patients with PFPS that examined ≥1 possible factor associated with PFPS were included. A meta-analysis was performed, clinical heterogeneous data were analysed descriptively. The 47 included studies examined 523 variables, eight were pooled. Pooled data showed a larger Q-angle, sulcus angle and patellar tilt angle (weighted mean differences (WMD) 2.08; 95% CI 0.64, 3.63 and 1.66; 95% CI 0.44, 2.77 and 4.34; 95% CI 1.16 to 7.52, respectively), less hip abduction strength, lower knee extension peak torque and less hip external rotation strength (WMD –3.30; 95% CI –5.60, –1.00 and –37.47; 95% CI –71.75, –3.20 and –1.43; 95% CI –2.71 to –0.16, respectively) in PFPS patients compared to controls. Foot arch height index and congruence angle were not associated with PFPS. Six out of eight pooled variables are associated with PFPS, other factors associated with PFPS were based on single studies. Further research is required.