Relative risk ratio by sport for clinically relevant depressive symptoms
| Sport | Clinical level of depression CES-D ≥16 | Moderate/severe level of depression CES-D ≥27 | Relative risk ratio Clinical level of depression CES-D ≥16 | Relative risk ratio 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Track and field | 35.4%* | 8.5% | 2.066 | 1.230 to 3.470 |
| Cheerleading | 34.3% | 5.7% | 1.778 | 0.853 to 3.710 |
| Crew | 26.1% | 13.0% | 1.152 | 0.442 to 3.000 |
| Tennis | 24.0% | 0% | 1.024 | 0.398 to 2.635 |
| Basketball | 23.1% | 0% | 0.970 | 0.379 to 2.482 |
| Soccer | 23.1% | 5.8% | 0.968 | 0.487 to 1.921 |
| Baseball/softball | 22.1% | 11.8% | 0.903 | 0.485 to 1.678 |
| Field hockey | 17.4% | 8.7% | 0.669 | 0.222 to 2.012 |
| Lacrosse | 13.5%* | 2.7% | 0.424 | 0.234 to 0.768 |
*p<0.05.
CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.