Evidence of associations between subjective and objective (physiological and performance) measures
| Physiological | Performance | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| La submax | La max | HR rest | HRV | HR submax | HR max | HR rec | BP rest | VO2 submax | VO2 max | Sust. | Short | |
| POMS | ||||||||||||
| Total mood disturbance | – | x | x | ↑ | xx | ? | x | xxx | ↓↓↓ | ? | xx | |
| Tension | x | x | ↓ | x | xxx | ↓ | x | x | ? | xx | ? | |
| Depression | – | – | ↓ | x | xx | x | x | – | xxx | xx | ? | |
| Anger | – | – | ↓ | x | xx | x | x | – | xxx | xx | xx | |
| Confusion | x | x | ↓ | x | xxx | ↓ | x | x | ? | ? | xx | |
| Vigour | x | xxx | x | x | xx | ? | x | xxx | ↑↑↑ | ? | xxx | |
| Fatigue | x | xxx | ?x | ↑ | xx | ? | x | xxx | ↓↓ | ? | xx | |
| RESTQ-S | ||||||||||||
| Recovery-Stress Index | – | – | xx | xxx | ||||||||
| Stress | x | x | – | xxx | xx | |||||||
| General stress | x | x | xxx | ↑ | ||||||||
| Emotional stress | x | x | xxx | ↑ | ||||||||
| Social stress | x | x | xxx | ↑ | ||||||||
| Conflicts/pressure | x | x | xxx | ? | ||||||||
| Fatigue | – | – | ? | xxx | ||||||||
| Lack of energy | x | x | xx | ? | ||||||||
| Physical symptoms | x | x | xx | ↑ | ||||||||
| Injury | x | x | xx | ? | ||||||||
| Emotional exhaustion | x | x | xxx | ↑ | ||||||||
| Disturbed breaks | x | x | xxx | ? | ||||||||
| Recovery | x | x | – | xxx | xx | |||||||
| Social recovery | x | x | ↑↑ | x | ||||||||
| Physical recovery | – | – | ?x | xxx | ||||||||
| General well-being | x | x | xx | ? | ||||||||
| Sleep quality | x | x | xx | ? | ||||||||
| Success | – | – | xx | xxx | ||||||||
| Being in shape | – | – | ? | xxx | ||||||||
| Personal accomplishment | x | x | xxx | ↓ | ||||||||
| Self-efficacy | x | x | ?x | ? | ||||||||
| Self-regulation | x | x | xxx | ? | ||||||||
| SFMS | ||||||||||||
| Overtraining score | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | x | ||||||
| DALDA | ||||||||||||
| Sources of stress | – | – | – | – | x | x | – | x | xxx | x | ||
| Symptoms of stress | xxx | xxx | x | xxx | ? | ↑ | x | ↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | ||
| CSAI-2 | ||||||||||||
| Cognitive anxiety | – | x | x | |||||||||
| Somatic anxiety | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Self-confidence | x | x | x | |||||||||
| MTDS | ||||||||||||
| Total score | ↑ | |||||||||||
| DSC | – | x | x | |||||||||
| STPI | ||||||||||||
| Anxiety | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Anger | – | x | x | |||||||||
| n | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 16 |
Associations rated as positive (↑), negative (↓), not associated (x), conflicting findings (?), no change (–). Three symbols indicates strong evidence, two symbols for moderate evidence and one symbol for limited evidence. Shading highlights strong (dark grey) and moderate (light grey) associations. Abbreviations for objective measures: blood lactate (La), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), sustained (Sust.). n refers to number of contributing studies.
POMS, Profile of Mood States; RESTQ-S, Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes; SFMS, Societe Francaise de Medecine du Sport; DALDA, Daily Analyses of Life Demands of Athletes; CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2; MTDS, Multi-Component Training Distress Scale; DSC, Derogatis Symptom Checklist; STPI, State-Trait Personality Inventory.