Table 5

Evidence of associations between subjective and objective (physiological and performance) measures

PhysiologicalPerformance
La submaxLa maxHR restHRVHR submaxHR maxHR recBP restVO2 submaxVO2 maxSust.Short
POMS
 Total mood disturbancexxxx?xxxx↓↓↓?xx
  Tensionxxxxxxxx?xx?
  Depressionxxxxxxxxxx?
  Angerxxxxxxxxxxxx
  Confusionxxxxxxxx??xx
  Vigourxxxxxxxx?xxxx↑↑↑?xxx
  Fatiguexxxx?xxx?xxxx↓↓?xx
RESTQ-S
 Recovery-Stress Indexxxxxx
 Stressxxxxxxx
  General stressxxxxx
  Emotional stressxxxxx
  Social stressxxxxx
  Conflicts/pressurexxxxx?
  Fatigue?xxx
  Lack of energyxxxx?
  Physical symptomsxxxx
  Injuryxxxx?
  Emotional exhaustionxxxxx
  Disturbed breaksxxxxx?
 Recoveryxxxxxxx
  Social recoveryxx↑↑x
  Physical recovery?xxxx
  General well-beingxxxx?
  Sleep qualityxxxx?
  Successxxxxx
  Being in shape?xxx
  Personal accomplishmentxxxxx
  Self-efficacyxx?x?
  Self-regulationxxxxx?
SFMS
 Overtraining scorex
DALDA
 Sources of stressxxxxxxx
 Symptoms of stressxxxxxxxxxx?x↓↓↓
CSAI-2
 Cognitive anxietyxx
 Somatic anxietyxxx
 Self-confidencexxx
MTDS
 Total score
DSCxx
STPI
 Anxietyxxx
 Angerxx
 n36429711452916
  • Associations rated as positive (↑), negative (↓), not associated (x), conflicting findings (?), no change (–). Three symbols indicates strong evidence, two symbols for moderate evidence and one symbol for limited evidence. Shading highlights strong (dark grey) and moderate (light grey) associations. Abbreviations for objective measures: blood lactate (La), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), sustained (Sust.). n refers to number of contributing studies.

  • POMS, Profile of Mood States; RESTQ-S, Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes; SFMS, Societe Francaise de Medecine du Sport; DALDA, Daily Analyses of Life Demands of Athletes; CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2; MTDS, Multi-Component Training Distress Scale; DSC, Derogatis Symptom Checklist; STPI, State-Trait Personality Inventory.