Table 2

RCTs with interventions of aerobic activity

Author	Year	Size (n)	Intervention(s) (n)	Control(n)	Sex	Activity	Intensity	Frequency	Duration (weeks)	Effect
Aerobic
Blumenthal et al	1991	92	39/31	22	M/W	Walking/jogging or resistance training	70% VO₂max	35 min, 3×/w	16	ns
Cononie et al	1991	17	6/6	5	M/W	Walking/jogging or resistance training	75–85% VO₂max	35–45 min, 3×/w	26	Endurance: SBP ns, DBP 9 mm Hg Resistance: ns
de Plaen et al	1980	10	6	4	NA	Aerobic exercise	60–70% VO₂max	30 min, 3×/w	13	ns
Duncan et al	1985	56	44	12	M	Walking/jogging	70–80% max HR	60 min, 3×/w	16	SBP ns, DBP 9 mm Hg
Georgiades et al	2000	55	36	19	M/W	Walking/jogging and cycling	70–85% HRR	60 min, 3–4×/w	26	SBP 3, DBP 5 mm Hg
Hagberg et al	1989	31	11/10	10	M/W	Walking or walking/jogging/cycling	50% or 70–85% VO₂max	60 min, 3×/w	37	Low intensity: SBP 20, DBP 13 mm Hg Moderate: SBP ns, DBP 10 mm Hg
Kokkinos et al	1995	46	23	23	M	Cycling	74% max HR	45 min, 3×/w	32	SBP ns, DBP 5 mm Hg
Lamina	2010	357	112/140	105	M	Cycling (continuous or interval)	60–79% max HR	45–60 min 3×/w	8	Continuous: SBP 14, DBP 7 mm Hg Interval: SBP 16, DBP 4 mm Hg
Martin et al	1990	19	10	9	M	Walking/jogging/cycling	65–80 max HR	30 min, 4×/w	10	SBP ns, DBP 10 mm Hg
Molmen-Hansen	2011	88	31/28	29	M/W	Aerobic interval training or continuous training	>90% max HR or 70% max HR	3×/w	12	Interval: SBP 12, DBP 8 mm Hg Continuous: SBP 4, DBP 3 mm Hg
Sakai et al	1998	29	16	13	M/W	Cycling	40–60% VO₂max	60 min, 3×/w	4	SBP 11, DBP 7 mm Hg
Staffileno et al	2001	18	9	9	W	Aerobic exercise (eg, walking)	50–60% HRR	10 min x³, 5×/w	8	SBP 8 mm Hg, DBP ns
Tanabe et al	1989	31	21	10	M/W	Cycling	40–60% VO₂max	60 min, 3×/w	10	SBP 15, DBP 7 mm Hg
Tanaka et al	1997	18	12	6	M/W	Swimming	60% HRR	60 min, 3×/w	10	SBP 6 mm Hg, DBP ns
Tsai, Chang et al	2002	23	12	11	NA	Walking/jogging	60–70% max HR	50 min, 3×/w	12	SBP 18, DBP 10 mm Hg
Tsai, Liu et al	2002	42	22	20	M/W	Walking/jogging	60–70% max HR	50 min, 3×/w	12	SBP 11, DBP 5 mm Hg
Tsai et al	2004	102	52	50	M/W	Walking/jogging	60–70% max HR	50 min, 3×/w	10	SBP 13, DBP 6 mm Hg
Tsuda et al	2003	16	8	8	M	Walking/jogging+calisthenics	40–60% VO₂max	30+30 min, 2×/w	26	SBP 10, DBP 6 mm Hg
Walking (no specified intensity)
Lee et al	2007	202	102	100	M/W	Walking			26	SBP 15 mm Hg, DBP ns
Moreau et al	2001	24	15	9	W	Walking		3 km extra per day	24	SBP 11 mm Hg, DBP ns
Sohn et al	2007	19	8	10	M/W	Walking		30 min extra per day	26	ns
Dimeo et al	2012	50	24	26	M/W	Walking		3×/w	12	SBP 6, DBP 3 mm Hg
Higashi et al	1999	17	10	7	M/W	Walking		30 min 5–7×/w	12	SBP 7, DBP 4 mm Hg
Other forms of aerobic activity without specified intensity
Arca et al	2013	52	19/19	14	W	Water/land aerobic training		50 min, 3×/w	12	Water: SBP 12 mm Hg, DBP ns. Land: SBP 12 mm Hg, DBP ns
Aweto	2012	38	23	15	M/W	Dance movement therapy		50 min, 2×/w	4	SBP 20, DBP 9 mm Hg
Guimaraes et al	2014	32	16	16	M/W	Water training (callisthenics+walking)		60 min, 3×/w	12	SBP 17, DBP 9 mm Hg
Krustrup et al	2013	33	22	11	M	Soccer		60 min, 2×/w	26	SBP 12, DBP 8 mm Hg

DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; ns, not significant; SBP, Systolic blood pressure.