Pooled measures on the relation of LTPA to cancer risks, 1989–2014
| Number of comparisons | RR (95%CI) | I2% | p Value for publication bias* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 169 | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.92) | 69.7 | 0.17 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 54 | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95) | 71.3 | 0.79 |
| Female | 90 | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.95) | 49.7 | 0.24 |
| Study location | ||||
| America | 79 | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) | 56.0 | 0.27 |
| Europe | 76 | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) | 56.5 | 0.59 |
| Asia | 14 | 0.95 (0.91 to 1.00) | 34.5 | 0.91 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≥25 | 20 | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.04) | 33.1 | 0.75 |
| <25 | 16 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 42.7 | 0.02 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Ever | 5 | 0.77 (0.61 to 0.98) | 52.2 | 0.22 |
| Never | 4 | 1.08 (0.66 to 1.76) | 74.7 | 0.73 |
| Age at measurement (years) | ||||
| ≥50 | 43 | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.97) | 61.3 | 0.77 |
| <50 | 15 | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10) | 31.9 | 0.49 |
| Quality of study | ||||
| ≥7 | 162 | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) | 61.5 | 0.12 |
| <7 | 7 | 0.66 (0.59 to 0.74) | 18.1 | 0.55 |
| Follow-up (years) | ||||
| ≥10 | 102 | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.92) | 60.3 | 0.77 |
| <10 | 67 | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) | 55.4 | 0.63 |
| Cancer types | ||||
| Breast cancer | 33 | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) | 19.2 | 0.29 |
| Location | ||||
| America | 19 | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) | 2.0 | 0.02 |
| Europe | 9 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.97) | 47.7 | 0.75 |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Premenopausal | 6 | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99) | 52.0 | 0.45 |
| Postmenopausal | 15 | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.93) | 0.0 | 0.40 |
| Invasive | 10 | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.92) | 58.7 | 0.59 |
| In situ | 5 | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.03) | 8.6 | 0.81 |
| Study quality≥7 | 31 | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | 13.9 | 0.48 |
| Age at measurement (years) | ||||
| ≥50 | 10 | 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) | 2.2 | 0.11 |
| <50 | 6 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.99) | 15.1 | 0.71 |
| Follow-up (years) | ||||
| ≥10 | 16 | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.93) | 35.3 | 0.02 |
| <10 | 17 | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.92) | 0.0 | 0.89 |
| Colorectal cancer | 31 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.93) | 48.2 | 0.43 |
| Subsite | ||||
| Colon | 15 | 0.81 (0.75 to 0.88) | 4.2 | 0.92 |
| Rectum | 9 | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.24) | 0.0 | 0.92 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 16 | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.95) | 46.9 | 0.82 |
| Female | 11 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.94) | 0.0 | 0.09 |
| Location | ||||
| America | 12 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.91) | 49.8 | 0.30 |
| Europe | 19 | 0.88 (0.79 to 1.00) | 43.6 | 1.00 |
| Follow-up (years) | ||||
| ≥10 | 24 | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.93) | 40.9 | 0.42 |
| <10 | 7 | 0.84 (0.69 to 1.03) | 71.0 | 0.23 |
| Prostate cancer | 18 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.01) | 42.9 | 0.01 |
| Non-aggressive | 5 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.21) | 74.8 | 0.46 |
| Aggressive | 5 | 0.89 (0.71 to 1.12) | 63.7 | 0.81 |
| Study quality ≥7 | 16 | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 37.4 | 0.05 |
| Lung cancer | 15 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 49.7 | 0.84 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 13 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.07) | 0.0 | 0.20 |
| Endometrial cancer | 9 | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) | 55.2 | 0.75 |
| Ovarian cancer | 9 | 0.96 (0.74 to 1.26) | 71.2 | 0.75 |
| Lymphoid neoplasms | 8 | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10) | 46.8 | 0.17 |
*p Value from Begg's test.
BMI, body mass index; LTPA, leisure time physical activity; RR, relative risk.