Theme | Subtheme | Study | Standardised mean difference (95% CI) | p Value | I2 (%) | Q statistic, df, p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific measures | ||||||
Mobility tasks | Sit-to-stand | Hauer et al9 Sherrington et al42 | 0.63 (−0.71 to 1.98) | 0.35 | 87 | 7.7, 1, 0.006 |
Gait speed | Binder et al18 Hauer et al9 Mangione et al31 Aerobic Mangione et al31 Resistance Mangione et al37 Moseley et al10 Sherrington et al42 Sylliaas et al24 Sylliaas et al43 | 0.24 (0.06 to 0.42) Difference in means: 0.07 (0.01 to 0.14) metres per second | 0.010* 0.018* | 17 49 | 9.6, 8, 0.30 15.8, 8, 0.05 | |
Stair climb or step force generation | Hauer et al9 Sherrington et al42 | 0.10 (−0.91 to 1.12) | 0.85 | 78 | 4.6, 1, 0.032 | |
Balance tasks | Narrowing base of support | Hauer et al9 | 1.03 (0.21 to 1.86) | 0.014 | NA | NA |
Controlling body in space | Sherrington et al32 NWB Sherrington et al32 WB | 0.31 (−0.09 to 0.71) | 0.13 | 0 | 0.7, 1, 0.40 | |
Step tests | Sherrington and Lord41 | 0.46 (−0.24 to 1.16) | 0.20 | NA | NA | |
Self-reported measures of functioning | Activities of daily living | Binder et al18 Hauer et al9 Latham et al35 Moseley et al10 Sylliaas et al24 Sylliaas et al43 | 0.24 (0.08 to 0.41) | 0.005* | 16 | 5.9, 5, 0.31 |
SF36 quality of life | Mangione et al31 Aerobic Mangione et al31 Resistance Mangione et al37 | 0.02 (−0.49 to 0.54) | 0.93 | 0 | 0.9, 2, 0.65 | |
Self-reported mobility as good | Latham et al35 Moseley et al10 | 0.31 (0.10 to 0.52) | 0.004* | 0 | 0.4, 1, 0.52 | |
Composite measures | ||||||
General mobility | Timed up and go | Hauer et al9 Sylliaas et al24 Sylliaas et al43 | 2.50 (0.04 to 4.95) Difference in means: 7 (4 to 10) seconds | 0.046* <0.001* | 98 69 | 80.3, 2, <0.001 6.4, 2, 0.041 |
Walking ability | Moseley et al10 Oldmeadow et al8 Sherrington et al32 NWB Sherrington et al32 WB | −0.15 (−0.57 to 0.27) | 0.49 | 65 | 8.6, 3, 0.035 | |
Mobility scales | Berg Balance Scale | Binder et al18 Latham et al35 Sylliaas et al24 Sylliaas et al43 | 1.01 (0.23 to 1.80) Difference in means: 3 (2 to 4) of 56 points | 0.012* <0.001* | 94 23 | 50.3, 3, <0.001 3.9, 3, 0.27 |
Physical Performance Test | Mangione et al37 | 0.53 (−0.23 to 1.29) | 0.17 | NA | NA |
Differences in means and 95% CI were calculated for gait speed, Timed up and go, and the Berg Balance Scale as these outcomes were measured using the same outcome measure across studies. Heterogeneity is indicated by the I2 statistic, Q statistic, degrees of freedom (df) and p value.
*p<0.05 for pooled effect sizes.
NA, not applicable; NWB, non-weight-bearing; WB, weight-bearing.