Characteristics of the included studies
| Injury type | Population | Study design | Injury was present at the time of collecting kinetic data | Data collection method | Running speed | N (injured/uninjured) | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg)/(BMI (kg/m2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azevedo et al 200910 | Achilles tendinopathy | Runners | cc | Yes | Overground | I: 10.7 km/h; U: 10.8 km/h (self-selected) | 42 (21/21) | I: 16/5; U: 16/5 | I: 42±10; U: 39±10 | I: 178±7 U: 174±8 | I: 78±13; U: 70±11 |
| Baur et al 200419 | Achilles tendinopathy | Runners | cc | Yes | Treadmill | 12 km/h (fixed) | 22 (8/14) | NS | T: 36±9 | T: 179±5 | T: 73±8 |
| Bennel et al 200425 | Tibial stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 14.4 km/h (fixed) | 36 (13/22) | 0/36 | I: 29±8; U: 31±7 | I: 169±6; U: 165±6 | I: 64±6; U: 60±9 |
| Bischof et al 201026 | Metatarsal stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 11.9 km/h (fixed) | 24 (9/15) | 0/24 | I: 24±6; U: 22±3 | I: 173±6; U:165±8 | I: 70±9; U: 59±7 |
| Bredeweg et al 201322 | General running-related injuries | Runners | pc | No | Treadmill | 9 km/h (fixed) | 210 (34/176) | I: 11/23; U: 66/110 | T: 37±11 | NS | (T: 24±3) |
| Crossley et al 199927 | Tibial stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 14.4 km/h (fixed) | 46 (23/23) | 46/0 | I: 25±5; U:24±6 | I: 179±8; U: 178±7 | I: 76±9; U:74±8 |
| Duffey et al 200030 | Anterior knee pain | Runners | cc | Yes | Overground | 12.1 km/h (training pace) | 169 (99/70) | I: 68/31; U: 53/17 | I: 36±8; U: 35±10 | I:172±9; U: 175±11 | I: 70±12 U: 70±13 |
| Esculier et al 201531 | Patellofemoral pain syndrome | Runners | cc | Yes | Treadmill | I: 9.0 km/h; U: 9.2 km/h | 41 (21/20) | I: 5/16; U: 5/15 | I: 34±6; U: 33±6 | I: 168±7; U: 169±7 | I: 67±12; U: 63±9 |
| Gerlach et al 200521 | General running-related injuries | Runners | pc | No | Treadmill | 9.7–16.2 km/h (5 km race pace) | 87 (48/39) | 0/87 | T: 37±9 | T: 164±6 | T: 59±7 |
| Grimston et al 199118 | Tibial and femoral neck stress fractures | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 14.4 km/h (fixed) | 14 (6/8) | 0/14 | I: 27±3; U: 33±1 | I: 166±1; U: 161±3 | I: 56±1; U: 53±2 |
| Hreljac et al 200033 | Running-related injuries at or below the knee | Runners/triathletes | cc | No | Overground | 14.4 km/h (fixed) | 40 (20/20) | I: 12/8; U: 12/8 | I: | I: 171±10; U: 173±9 | I: 69±14; U: 69±11 |
| McCrory et al 199923 | Achilles tendinopathy | Runners | cc | Yes | Overground | I: 12.9 km/h; U: 12.3 km/h (training pace) | 89 (31/58) | NS | I: 38±10; U: 35±9 | I: 175±8; U: 175±8 | I: 71±10; U: 70±10 |
| Messier et al 199132 | Anterior knee pain | Runners | cc | Yes | Overground | I: 11.7 km/h; U: 12.4 km/h (training pace) | 36 (16/20) | I: 12/4; U: 14/6 | NS | NS | NS |
| Messier et al 199511 | Iliotibial band friction syndrome | Runners | cc | Yes | Overground | 12.1 km/h (training pace) | 118 (48/70)1 | I:33/23; U: 53/17 | I: 34±9±35±10 | I:171±10; U:174±9 | I: 66±14; U:70±11 |
| Milner et al 200628 | Tibial stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 13.3 km/h (fixed) | 40 (20/20) | 0/40 | I: 26±9; U: 25±9 | NS | NS |
| Pohl et al 200829 | Tibial stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 13.3 km/h (fixed) | 60 (30/30) | 0/60 | Ì: 28±10; U: 25±9 | I: 165±6; U: 165±6 | I: 57±6; U: 60±6 |
| Pohl et al 200924 | Plantar fasciitis | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 13.3 km/h (fixed) | 50 (25/25) | 0/50 | I: 31±10; U: 31±10 | I: 166±6; U: 167±7 | I: 62±6; U:64±9 |
| Zifchock et al 200620 | Tibial stress fracture | Runners | cc | No | Overground | 13.3 km/h (fixed) | 49 (24/25) | 0/49 | I: 27±9; U:24±9 | I: 163±6; U: 164±6 | I: 56±5;U: 58±5 |
Study included 126 participants. Anthropometric data are reported for 120 participants and VGRF data for 118 participants.
BMI, body mass index; CC, case–control study; F, females; I, injured subjects/cases; M, males; NS, not stated; PC, prospective cohort study; T, total group of subjects; U, uninjured subjects/controls; VGRF, vertical ground reaction force.