Sagittal plane knee moments
| Author, year | ACLR cohort | Time post-ACLR | Comparator | Standardised mean difference (95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACLR vs healthy controls | |||||
| Peak knee flexion moment | |||||
| <6M | Devita et al, 199722 | 25.8 Nm | 3 W | 45.2 Nm | Lower flexion moment in ACLR knee throughout stance |
| 29.0 Nm | 5 W | 45.2 Nm | Not reported | ||
| Devita et al, 199859 | 25.3 Nm | 3 W | 63.1 Nm | Not reported | |
| Ferber et al, 200215 | 0.35±0.06 Nm/kg | 3 M | 0.17±0.11 Nm/kg | 1.95 (0.84 to 3.05) | |
| Ferber et al, 200316 | 0.38±0.06 Nm/kg | 3 M | 0.22±0.15 Nm/kg | 1.34 (0.35 to 2.33) | |
| 6 to <12M | Devita et al, 199859 | 37.9 Nm | 6 M | 63.1 Nm | Smaller flexion moment in ACLR knee |
| Karimi et al, 201330 | 0.45±0.35 Nm/kg | 6 M | 0.61±0.5 Nm/kg | −0.36 (−1.08 to 0.36) | |
| Webster et al, 200518 | Hamstring graft: 2.7±1.3 Nm/(%kg m) | 9±2 M | 2.8±1.0 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.08 (−0.76 to 0.59) | |
| Patellar graft: 1.7±0.7 Nm/(%kg m) | 11±2 M | 2.8±1.0 Nm/(%kg m) | −1.24 (−1.99 to −0.50) | ||
| Timoney et al, 199331 | 2.02±1.14 Nm/(%kg m) | 10 (8–13) M | 3.74±0.82 Nm/(%kg m) | −1.66 (−2.71 to −0.61) | |
| 1 to <3Y | Zabala et al, 201332 | 2.2±1.3 Nm/(%kg m) | 26 (22–36) M | 2.6±1.2 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.32 (−0.73 to 0.10) |
| Bush-Joseph et al, 200133 | 2.4±1.0 Nm/(%kg m) | 22±12 M | 2.5±1.5 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.08 (−0.67 to 0.51) | |
| Bulgheroni et al, 199758 | 0.55 Nm/(%kg m) | 17±5 M | 0.42 Nm/(%kg m) | No difference during the stance; however increased moment upon landing in ACLR knee | |
| ≥3Y | Noehren et al, 201323 | 0.12 Nm/kg | 5±3 Y | 0.32 Nm/kg | Not reported. Flexion moment at initial landing significantly lower in ACLR knee |
| Ferber et al, 200429 | 0.35 Nm/kg | 6±5 Y | 0.19 Nm/kg | Not reported | |
| ACLR vs healthy controls | |||||
| Peak extension moment | |||||
| <6M | Devita et al, 199722 | −2.5 Nm | 3 W | 25 Nm | Not reported |
| 0 Nm | 5 W | 25 Nm | Not reported | ||
| Devita et al, 199859 | −5 Nm | 3 W | 17.5 Nm | Not reported | |
| Ferber 200215 | 0.11±0.08 Nm/kg | 3 M | 0.44±0.07 Nm/kg | −4.20 (−5.90 to −2.51) | |
| Ferber et al, 200316 | −0.03±0.01 Nm/kg | 3 M | 0.27±0.13 Nm/kg | −3.12 (−4.51 to −1.73) | |
| 6 to <12M | Devita et al, 199859 | 17.5 Nm | 6 M | 17.5 Nm | Not reported |
| Karimi et al, 201330 | 0.55±0.44 Nm/kg | 6 M | 0.50±0.10 Nm/kg | 0.15 (−0.56 to 0.87) | |
| Webster et al, 200518 | Hamstring graft: 2.0±0.07 Nm/(%kg m) | 9±2 M | 2.6±0.07 Nm/(%kg m) | −8.37 (−10.59 to −6.15) | |
| Patellar graft: 2.5±0.08 Nm/(%kg m) | 11±2 M | 2.6±0.07 Nm/(%kg m) | −1.30 (−2.05 to −0.55) | ||
| 1 to <3Y | Zabala et al, 201332 | 2.8±0.96 Nm/(%kg m) | 26 (22–36) M | 3.17±0.88 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.40 (−0.82 to 0.02) |
| ≥3Y | Hall et al, 201234 | 0.42±0.21 Nm/kg | 6 (2–18) Y | 0.45±0.14 Nm/kg | −0.16 (−0.82 to 0.49) |
| Ferber et al, 200429 | 0.13 Nm/kg | 6±5 Y | 0.45 Nm/kg | No reported | |
| Noehren 201323 | 0.40 Nm/kg m | 5±3 Y | 0.22 Nm/kg | No reported | |
| ACLR vs healthy controls | |||||
| Peak flexion moment | |||||
| 6 to <12M | Bacchini et al, 200957 | 32.2 Nm | 6 (5–7) M | 23.3 Nm | Described higher flexion in ACLR knee (p value not reported) |
| Karimi et al, 201330 | 0.45±0.35 Nm/kg | 6 M | 0.46±0.46 Nm/kg | −0.02 (−0.74 to 0.69) | |
| Webster et al, 201237 | 0.39±0.24 Nm/kg | 10±2 M | 0.43±0.26 Nm/kg | −0.16 (−0.85 to 0.54) | |
| Hooper et al, 200235 | 0.30±0.13 Nm/kg m | 6±1 M | 0.35±0.12 Nm/kg m | −0.38 (−1.37 to 0.61) | |
| Di Stasi et al, 201324 | RTS-Fail ACLR: 0.37±0.03 Nm/kg m | 6 M | 0.52±0.03 Nm/kg m | −4.91 (−6.14 to −3.68) | |
| Di Stasi et al, 201324 | RTS-Pass ACLR: 0.42±0.03 Nm/kg m | 6 M | 0.49±0.03 Nm/kg m | −2.29 (−3.10 to −1.47) | |
| Roewer et al, 201126 | 0.40±0.12 Nm/BMI | 6 M | 0.49±0.32 Nm/BMI | −0.37 (−0.92 to 0.18) | |
| 1 to <3Y | Hooper et al, 200235 | 0.31±0.16 Nm/kg m | 12±1 M | 0.38±0.12 Nm/kg m | −0.47 (−1.41 to 0.47) |
| Webster et al, 201227 | Males: 0.27±0.12 Nm/kg m | 20±12 M | 0.29±0.13 Nm/kg m | −0.16 (−0.81 to 0.50) | |
| Females: 0.26±0.11 Nm/kg m | 20±12 M | 0.28±0.12 Nm/kg m | −0.17 (−0.82 to 0.48) | ||
| Zabala et al, 201332 | 2.23±1.29 Nm/(%kg m) | 26 (22–36) M | 2.59±1.17 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.31 (−0.73 to 0.10) | |
| Roewer 201126 | 0.48±0.18 Nm/BMI | 2 Y | 0.53±0.16 Nm/BMI | −0.29 (−0.84 to 0.26) | |
| ≥3Y | Webster et al, 201225 | 0.41±0.23 Nm/kg | 3±1 Y | 0.46±0.25 Nm/kg | −0.20 (−0.90 to 0.49) |
| Ferber et al, 200429 | 0.35 Nm/kg | 6±5 Y | 0.60 Nm/kg | Not reported | |
| Peak extension moment | |||||
| 6 to <12M | Bacchini et al, 200957 | 3.2 Nm | 6 (5–7) M | 1.72 Nm | Described higher extension moment in ACLR knee (p vale not reported) |
| Karimi et al, 201330 | 0.55±0.44 Nm/kg | 6 M | 0.88±0.70 Nm/kg | −0.55 (−1.28 to 0.18) | |
| Webster et al, 201225 | 0.40±0.13 Nm/kg | 10±2 M | 0.47±0.14 Nm/kg | −0.51 (−1.21 to 0.20) | |
| Hooper et al, 200235 | 0.09±0.14 Nm/kg m | 6±1 M | 0.14±0.16 Nm/kg m | −0.31 (−1.30 to 0.67) | |
| 1 to <3Y | Hooper et al, 200235 | 0.16±0.11 Nm/kg m | 12±1 M | 0.19±0.09 Nm/kg m | −0.28 (−1.21 to 0.65) |
| Zabala 201332 | 2.8±0.96 Nm/(%kg m) | 26 (22–36) M | 3.36±0.88 Nm/(%kg m) | −0.60 (−1.03 to −0.18) | |
| ≥3Y | Hall et al, 201234 | 0.42±0.21 Nm/kg | 6 (2–18) Y | 0.50±0.31 Nm/kg | −0.30 (−0.96 to 0.36) |
| Webster et al, 201225 | 0.51±0.11 Nm/kg | 3±1 Y | 0.50±0.10 Nm/kg | 0.09 (−0.60 to 0.79) | |
| Ferber et al, 200429 | 0.13 Nm/kg | 6±5 Y | 0.25 Nm/kg | Not reported | |
Data are presented as mean±SD.
ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; AMP, anteromedial portal; kg, kilograms; m, metres; M, month; Nm, Newton metres; RTS, return to sport; TT, transtibial; W, week; Y, year.