Table 3

Number (n) and proportions (%) of injuries, locations, types and causes separated for sport disciplines during W-EYOF

Alpine skiing (n=202)Biathlon (n=162)Cross-country skiing (n=165)Figure skating (n=48)Ice hockey* (n=120)Nordic combined (n=45)Snowboard (n=79)Ski jumping (n=78)All (n=899)
Injuries12 (5.9)1 (0.6)01 (2.1)7 (5.8)4 (8.9)9 (11.4)4 (5.1)38 (4.2)
Injury location
 Face (including eye, ear, nose)134 (10.5)
 Head33 (7.9)
 Neck/cervical spine
 Thoracic spine/upper back11 (2.6)
 Sternum/ribs11 (2.6)
 Lumbar spine/lower back31116 (15.8)
 Abdomen
 Pelvis/sacrum/buttock11125 (13.2)
 Shoulder/clavicle
 Upper arm112 (5.3)
 Elbow11 (2.6)
 Forearm
 Wrist
 Hand11 (2.6)
 Finger
 Thumb213 (7.9)
 Hip
 Groin
 Thigh11 (2.6)
 Knee1214 (10.5)
 Lower leg33 (7.9)
 Achilles tendon
 Ankle112 (5.3)
 Foot/toe11 (2.6)
Injury type
 Concussion33 (7.9)
 Fracture (trauma, stress, other bone injuries)22 (5.3)
 Sprain (dislocation, subluxation, ligamentous rupture)33 (7.9)
 Strain (muscle rupture, tear, tendon rupture)22 (5.3)
 Meniscus, cartilage
 Contusion/haematoma, bruise2534115 (39.5)
 Tendinosis, tendinopathy112 (5.3)
 Arthritis, synovitis, brusitis
 Impingement
 Laceration, abrasion, skin lesion11 (2.6)
 Dental injury, broken tooth
 Muscle cramps, spasm11114 (10.5)
 Other (including nerve, spinal cord, fasciitis)2125 (13.2)
Injury cause
 Overuse (gradual onset)11114 (10.5)
 Overuse (sudden onset)11 (2.6)
 Non-contact trauma4318 (21.1)
 Recurrence of previous injury112 (5.3)
 Contact with another athlete415 (13.2)
 Contact with moving object33 (7.9)
 Contact with stagnant object41319 (23.7)
 Violation of rules
 Field of play condition
 Weather condition
 Equipment failure
 Other2316 (15.8)
  • *One injury type is lacking.

  • W-EYOF, Winter European Youth Olympic Festival.