Included studies examining the effects of resistance training in youth athletes
| Author, year | N Exp | N Con | Biological age | Chronological age | Sex | Sport | RT exercise | TP | TF | TI | Sets | Reps | Rest | PEDro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves 201027* | EG I: 9 EG II: 8 | 6 | NA | 17.4±0.6 | M | Soccer | EG I (1/week): CT (eg, squats and skippings; leg extension and jumps) | 6 | 1 | 85 | 1 | 6 | NA | 4 |
| EG II (2/week): CT (eg, squats and skippings; leg extension and jumps) | 6 | 2 | 85 | 1 | 6 | NA | ||||||||
| Athanasiou 200433 | 10 | 10 | NA | 13–15 | M | Basketball | MB and FW (eg, incline press, leg extension, leg curl) | 8 | 2 | NA | 3 | 14 | NA | 2 |
| Behringer 201334 | EG I: 13 EG II: 10 | 10 | (post-) pubertal | EG I: 15.1±1.8; EG II: 15.5±0.9; CG: 14.6±1.8 | M | Tennis | EG I: MB (eg, low pulley, dead lift, leg press, lateral pull down) | 8 | 2 | 75 | 2 | 15 | 60 | 5 |
| EG II: PT (lower and upper body: eg, skipping, lateral barrier hop, push-ups) | 8 | 2 | NA | 4 | 13 | 20 | ||||||||
| Bishop 200935 | 11 | 11 | NA | EG: 13.1±1.4; CG: 12.6±1.9 | ND | Swimming | PT (lower body: eg, hurdle jumps, DJ, jump to box) | 8 | 2 | NA | 3 | 5 | 60–90 | 6 |
| Brown 198636 | 13 | 13 | NA | 15.0±0.7 | M | Basketball | PT (lower body: DJ (dropping height: 45 cm) | 12 | 3 | NA | 3 | 10 | 30–45 | 4 |
| Cavaco 201423* | EG I: 5 EG II: 5 | 6 | NA | EG I: 13.8±0.5 EG II: 14.2±0.5 CG: 14.2±0.8 | M | Soccer | EG I (1/ week): CT (eg, squats and linear/non-linear sprints) | 6 | 1 | 85 | 3 | 6 | 180 | 5 |
| EG II (2/week): CT (eg, squats and linear/non-linear sprints) | 6 | 2 | 85 | 3 | 6 | 180 | ||||||||
| Chelly 200937 | 11 | 11 | NA | EG: 17±0.3; CG: 17±0.5 | M | Soccer | FW (squats) | 8 | 2 | 80 | 4 | 4 | NA | 4 |
| Chelly 201438 | 12 | 11 | NA | 17.4±0.5 | M | Handball | PT (upper and lower body: eg, hurdle jumps, DJ, push-ups) | 8 | 2 | NA | 4 | 10 | NA | 6 |
| Chelly 201539 | 14 | 13 | Prepubertal | 11.9±1.0 | M | Track and field | PT (lower body: ie, hurdle jumps, DJ) | 10 | 3 | NA | 5 | 10 | NA | 5 |
| Christou 200640 | 9 | 9 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 13.8±0.4; CG:13.5±0.9 | M | Soccer | MB and FW (eg, leg press, bench press, leg extension, pec-dec) | 16 | 2 | 68 | 3 | 12 | 150 | 4 |
| DeRenne 199641 | EG I: 7 EG II: 8 | 6 | NA | 13.3±1.3 | M | Baseball | EG I (1/week): MB and FW (eg, bench press, leg extension, leg curl) | 12 | 1 | 88 | 1 | 10 | NA | 3 |
| EG II (2/week): MB and FW (eg, bench press, leg extension, leg curl) | 12 | 2 | 88 | 1 | 10 | NA | ||||||||
| Escamilla 201042 | 17 | 17 | NA | 12.9±1.7; CG: 12.5±1.5 | M | Baseball | FT (upper body; elastic tubes) | 4 | 2 | NA | 1 | 23 | NA | 4 |
| Fernandez-Fernandez 201343 | 15 | 15 | NA | EG: 13.2±1.6; CG: 13.2±0.5 | M | Tennis | FT (core training; own body weight) | 6 | 3 | NA | 2 | 17 | 58 | 5 |
| Ferrete 201424* | 11 | 13 | NA | EG: 9.3±0.3 CG: 8.3±0.3 | M | Soccer | CT (eg, squats and CMJ) | 26 | 2 | NA | 3 | 7 | NA | 6 |
| Gorostiaga 199944 | 9 | 9 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 15.1±0.7; CG: 15.1±0.5 | M | Handball | MB (eg, leg press, leg curl, bench press) | 6 | 2 | 65 | 4 | 8 | 90 | 4 |
| Gorostiaga 200445 | 8 | 11 | NA | EG: 17.3±0.5; CG: 17.2±0.7 | M | Soccer | FW (eg, squats, power clean) and PT (eg, hurdle jumps, box jumps) | 11 | 2 | NA | 3 | 4 | 120 | 5 |
| Granacher 201146 | 14 | 14 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 16.7±0.6; CG: 16.8±0.7 | M and F | eg, soccer | MB (eg, squats, leg press, calf raise) | 8 | 2 | 35 | 5 | 10 | 150 | 6 |
| Hetzler 199747 | EG I: 10 EG II: 10 | 10 | (post-) pubertal | EG I: 13.2±0.9; EG II: 13.8±0.6; CG: 13.9±1.1 | M | Baseball | EG I (novice): MB and FW (eg, bench press, leg curl, leg press, biceps curls) | 12 | 3 | 56 | 3 | 10 | 180 | 4 |
| EG II (experienced): MB and FW (eg, bench press, leg press, biceps curls) | 12 | 3 | 56 | 3 | 10 | 180 | ||||||||
| Keiner 201448 | EG I: 14 EG II: 30 EG III: 18 | CG I: 12 CG II: 21 CG III: 17 | NA | EG and CG I: U17 EG and CG II: U15 EG and CG III: U13 | NA | Soccer | EG I: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U17) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | 3 |
| EG II: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U15) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | ||||||||
| EG III: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U13) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | ||||||||
| Klusemann 201249 | EG I: 13 EG II: 11 | 12 | NA | M: 14±1; F: 15±1 | M and F | Basketball | EG I: FT (body weight RT; supervised) | 6 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 |
| EG II: FT (body weight RT; video-based) | 6 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||||
| Kotzamanidis 200550 | 11 | 11 | NA | EG: 17.1±1.1; CG: 17.8±0.3 | M | Soccer | NA (conventional RT) | 13 | 3 | 87 | 4 | NA | 180 | 3 |
| Martel 200551 | 10 | 9 | NA | 15±1 | F | Volleyball | PT (lower body: eg, power skips, single leg bounding; aquatic) | 6 | 2 | NA | 4 | NA | 30 | 5 |
| Matavulj 200152 | EG I: 11 EG II: 11 | 11 | NA | 15–16 | M | Basketball | EG I: PT (lower body: DJ; dropping height: 50 cm) | 6 | 3 | NA | 3 | 10 | 30 | 4 |
| EG II: PT (lower body: DJ; dropping height: 100 cm) | 6 | 3 | NA | 3 | 10 | 30 | ||||||||
| Meylan 200953 | 14 | 11 | NA | EG: 13.3±0.6; CG: 13.1±0.6 | M | Soccer | PT (lower body: eg, hurdle jumps, lateral bounding, skipping) | 8 | 2 | NA | 3 | 9 | 90 | 4 |
| Potdevin 201154 | 12 | 11 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 14.3±0.2; CG: 14.1±0.2 | M and F | Swimming | PT (lower body: eg, DJ, hurdle jumps) | 6 | 2 | NA | 3 | 10 | NA | 5 |
| Ramirez-Campillo 2014a55 | EG I: 10 EG II: 10 EG III: 10 | 10 | NA | EG I: 11.6±1.4; EG II: 11.4±1.9; EG III: 11.2±2.3; CG: 11.4±2.4 | M | Soccer | EG I: PT (lower body; vertical PT) EG II: PT (lower body; horizontal PT) EG III: PT (lower body; combined vertical and horizontal PT) | 6 | 2 | NA | 3 | 8 | 60 | 5 |
| 6 | 2 | NA | 3 | 8 | 60 | |||||||||
| 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 8 | 60 | |||||||||
| Ramirez-Campillo 2014b56 | EG I: 8 EG II: 8 | 8 | NA | 13.0±2.3 | M | Soccer | EG I: PT (lower body: vertical and horizontal jumps) | 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 5 | 60 | 5 |
| EG II: PT (lower body: vertical and horizontal jumps; progressive PT) | 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 8 | 60 | ||||||||
| Ramirez-Campillo 2014c57 | 38 | 38 | (post-) pubertal | 13.2±1.8 | M | Soccer | PT (lower body: DJ) | 7 | NA | NA | 2 | 10 | 90 | 5 |
| Ramirez-Campillo 2014d58 | EG I: 13 EG II: 13 EG III: 11 | 14 | Prepubertal | 10.4±2.3 | M | Soccer | EG I: PT (lower body: DJ; 30 s interest rest) | 7 | 2 | NA | 2 | 10 | 30 | 5 |
| EGII: PT (lower body: DJ; 60 s interest rest) | 7 | 2 | NA | 2 | 10 | 60 | ||||||||
| EG III: PT (lower body: DJ; 90 s interest rest) | 7 | 2 | NA | 2 | 10 | 120 | ||||||||
| Ramirez-Campillo 2015a59 | EG I: 54 EG II: 48 | 55 | (post-) pubertal | EG I: 14.2±2.2; EG II: 14.1±2.2; CG: 14.0±2.3 | M | Soccer | EG I: PT (lower body: vertical and horizontal jumps; 24 h recovery between sessions) | 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 8 | 120 | 5 |
| EG II: PT (lower body: vertical and horizontal jumps; 48 h recovery between sessions) | 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 8 | 120 | ||||||||
| Ramirez-Campillo 2015b60 | EG I: 12 EG II: 16 EG III: 12 | 14 | NA | 11.4±2.2 | M | Soccer | EG I: PT (lower body: bipedal jumps) | 6 | 2 | NA | 6 | 8 | NA | 5 |
| EG II: PT (lower body: monopedal jumps) | 6 | 2 | NA | 3 | 8 | NA | ||||||||
| EG III: PT (lower body: monopedal and bipedal jumps | 6 | 2 | NA | 2 | 8 | NA | ||||||||
| Rubley 201161 | 10 | 6 | NA | 13.4±0.5 | F | Soccer | PT (lower body: eg, hurdle jumps, DJ) | 14 | 1 | NA | 2 | 10 | NA | 4 |
| Saeterbakken 201162 | 14 | 10 | NA | EG: 16.6±0.3 | F | Handball | FT (sling-training) | 6 | 2 | 87 | 4 | 5 | 90 | 4 |
| Sander 201363 | EG I: 13 EG II: 30 EG III: 18 | CG I: 15 CG II: 25 CG III: 33 | NA | EG and CG I: U17 EG and CG II: U15 EG and CG III: U13 | NA | Soccer | EG I: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U17) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | 2 |
| EG II: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U15) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | ||||||||
| EG III: FW (eg, squats, bench press) (U13) | 80 | 2 | 83 | 5 | 7 | 220 | ||||||||
| Santos 200826 | 15 | 10 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 14.7±0.5 CG: 14.2±0.4 | M | Basketball | CT (eg, pull over, decline press, depth jump, cone hops) | 16 | 2 | 70 | 3 | 11 | 150 | 4 |
| Santos 201164 | 14 | 10 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 15.0±0.5; CG: 14.5±0.4 | M | Basketball | PT (lower and upper body: eg, hurdle jumps, box jumps) | 10 | 2 | NA | 3 | 10 | 120 | 5 |
| Santos 201265 | 15 | 10 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 14.5±0.6; CG: 14.2±0.4 | M | Basketball | MB (eg, leg press, lat pull down, leg extension, pullover) | 10 | 2 | 75 | 3 | 11 | NA | 3 |
| Siegler 200366† | 17 | 17 | NA | 16.5±0.9; CG: 16.3±1.4 | F | Soccer | FW (eg, squat, leg extensions, calf raises, leg curls) + PT (eg, box jumps, bouncing, skipping) | 10 | 2 | NA | 3 | NA | NA | 3 |
| Söhnlein 201467 | 12 | 10 | NA | EG: 13.0±0.9; CG: 12.3±0.8 | NA | Soccer | PT (lower body: vertical, horizontal and lateral jumps) | 16 | 2 | NA | 3 | 11 | NA | 2 |
| Tsimachidis 201025* | 13 | 13 | (post-) pubertal | EG: 18.0±1.2; CG:18.0±0.7 | NA | Basketball | CT (eg, squats and sprints) | 10 | 2 | 84 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 5 |
| Weston 201568 | 10 | 10 | NA | EG: 15.7±1.2; CG: 16.7±0.9 | M and F | Swimming | FT (core training: bridge, straight-leg raise; own body weight) | 12 | 3 | NA | 3 | NA | 60 | 2 |
| Wong 201069 | 28 | 23 | NA | EG: 13.5±0.7; CG: 13.2±0.6 | M | Soccer | FW (eg, forward lunge, back half squat, biceps curls) | 12 | 2 | NA | 3 | 9 | 85 | 2 |
| Zribi 201470 | 25 | 26 | prepubertal | EG: 12.1±0.6; CG: 12.2±0.4 | M | Basketball | PT (lower body: DJ, hurdle jumps) | 9 | 2 | NA | 8 | 5 | 180 | 4 |
*Complex training study, reported training parameters referring only to strength-based exercises.
†Seperate training of free weights RT and plyometric training.
CG, control group; CMJ, counter movement jump; CT, complex training; DJ, drop jump; EG, experimental group; F, female; FT, functional training; FW, free weights; M, male; MB, machine based; N Con, number of participants in the control group; N Exp, number of participants in the experimental group; NA, not applicable; PT, plyometric training; Reps, number of repetition per set; Rest, time of rest between sets (seconds); RT, resistance training; Sets, number of sets per exercise; TF, training frequency (times per week); TI, training intensity (% of 1 repetition maximum); TP, training periods (weeks).