Patient-related factors distributed across the three subgroups generated by the hierarchical cluster and latent profile analysis
| Subgroup | WEAK and TIGHTER Mean (SD) | STRONG Mean (SD) | WEAK and PRONATED FOOT Mean (SD) | Test statistic and p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hierarchical cluster analysis | N=49 | N=29 | N=49 | |
| Age | 26.9 (5.34) | 28.3 (6.15)* | 24.9 (5.36)* | F=3.85, p=0.024 |
| Gender (% male) | 13 (26.5%) | 17 (53.6%)† | 13 (26.5%) | χ2=10.29, p=0.006 |
| BMI | 25.8 (5.37) | 23.5 (4.44) | 26.2 (6.77) | F=2.12, p=0.12 |
| Physical activity level (low) | 10 (20.8%) | 2 (6.9%) | 7 (15.2%) | χ2=2.69, p=0.26 |
| Movement specific reinvestment scale | 31.4 (11.33) | 29.0 (12.50) | 30.9 (10.66) | F=0.418, p=0.66 |
| Time from onset | 58.0 (63.77) | 45.2 (57.5) | 34.1 (43.15) | F=2.22, p=0.11 |
| HSCL (depression) | 1.3 (0.38) | 1.3 (0.57) | 1.3 (0.36) | F=0.066, p=0.94 |
| Pain (NPRS) | 5.2 (1.88) | 4.1 (1.68) | 4.5 (2.08) | F=2.84, p=0.062 |
| SLANSS (total) | 8.1 (5.85)* | 4.4 (5.58)* | 6.1 (5.62) | F=3.98, p=0.021 |
| EQ-5D-5 L VAS | 75.9 (14.40) | 77.9 (17.23) | 73.5 (18.22) | F=0.67, p=0.52 |
| WHO Disability Assessment Scale II | 20.9 (7.27) | 17.5 (8.27) | 19.2 (5.70) | F=2.24, p=0.11 |
| Modified Functional Index Questionnaire | 37.0 (16.99) | 28.0 (15.45) | 35.0 (17.21) | F=2.72, p=0.070 |
| Latent profile analysis | N=50 | N=28 | N=49 | |
| Age | 27.1 (5.56) | 28.1 (5.99)* | 24.8 (5.26)* | F=3.74, p=0.026 |
| Gender (% male) | 8 (16.0%)* | 17 (60.7%)* | 18 (36.7%) | χ2=16.32, p<0.001 |
| BMI | 28.3 (6.81)† | 23.2 (4.60) | 23.7 (3.89) | F=12.24, p<0.001 |
| Physical activity level (low) | 8 (16.7%) | 2 (7.1%) | 9 (19.1%) | χ2=2.03, p=0.36 |
| Movement specific reinvestment scale | 30.6 (10.89) | 28.6 (12.34) | 31.9 (11.18) | F=0.77, p=0.47 |
| Time from onset | 46.7 (54.67) | 47.2 (57.70) | 44.5 (56.93) | F=0.03, p=0.97 |
| HSCL (depression) | 1.3 (0.37) | 1.23 (0.45) | 1.3 (0.46) | F=0.21, p=0.81 |
| Pain (NPRS) | 5.0 (2.03) | 4.14 (1.76) | 4.6 (1.93) | F=1.96, p=0.15 |
| SLANSS (total) | 6.5 (5.36) | 4.14 (5.62)* | 7.8 (6.11)* | F=3.56, p=0.031 |
| EQ-5D-5 L VAS | 72.3 (18.54) | 80.4 (15.61) | 75.8 (14.40) | F=2.18, p=0.12 |
| WHO Disability Assessment Scale II | 20.4 (6.59) | 16.8 (8.05) | 20.0 (6.60) | F=2.59, p=0.079 |
| Modified Functional Index Questionnaire | 38.1 (16.98)* | 28.3 (16.52)* | 33.5 (16.46) | F=3.18, p=0.045 |
*Subgroup pairs different (p<0.05).
†Different from each of the other two subgroups (p<0.05).
BMI, body mass index; HSCL, Hopkins Symptom Checklist; NPRS, Numerical Pain Rating Scale; SLANSS, Self-completed Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale; VAS, visual analogue scale.