Australia | The Netherlands | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables* | Responders (n=20) | Non-responders (n=159) | p Value | Responders (n=40) | Non-responders (n=91) | p Value | Responders (n=60) | Non-responders (n=250) |
Age (years) | 28.5 (5.63) | 28.5 (6.75) | 0.485 | 25.1 (8.56) | 23.6 (8.08) | 0.352 | 26.2 (8.10) | 27.3 (7.18) |
Gender (female) (%) | 15 (75.0%) | 85 (54.0%) | 0.094 | 30 (75.0%) | 54 (59.3%) | 0.085 | 45 (75.0%) | 139 (55.6%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (4.42) | 24.8 (5.22) | 0.668 | 22.4 (3.51) | 23.3 (3.78) | 0.673 | 23.0 (3.91) | 24.3 (4.78) |
Sport participant (%) | 14 (70.0%) | 104 (65.4%) | 0.805 | 34 (85.0%) | 68 (74.7%) | 0.192 | 48 (80.0%) | 172 (68.8%) |
Work status | 0.482 | 0.601 | ||||||
Not employed | 5 (25.0%) | 23 (14.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | 35 (38.5%) | 22 (33.7%) | 58 (23.2%) | ||
Sedentary | 10 (50.0%) | 90 (56.6%) | 10 (25.0%) | 18 (19.8%) | 20 (33.3%) | 108 (43.2%) | ||
Active | 5 (25.0%) | 45 (28.3%) | 12 (30.0%) | 35 (26.1%) | 17 (28.3%) | 80 (32.0%) | ||
Unknown | 0 | 1 (0.63%) | 1 (2.50%) | 3 (2.29%) | 1 (1.67%) | 4 (1.60%) | ||
Duration of knee pain (%) (months) | 0.564 | 0.713 | ||||||
1–2 | 0 | 8 (5.03%) | 18 (45.0%) | 32 (35.2%) | 18 (30.0%) | 40 (16.3%) | ||
2–6 | 1 (5.0%) | 16 (10.1%) | 10 (25.0%) | 29 (31.9%) | 11 (18.3%) | 45 (18.3%) | ||
6–12 | 3 (15.0%) | 27 (17.0%) | 6 (15.0%) | 13 (14.3%) | 9 (15.0%) | 40 (16.3%) | ||
>12 | 16 (80.0%) | 104 (65.4%) | 6 (15.0%) | 17 (18.7%) | 22 (36.7%) | 121 (49.2%) | ||
Unknown | 0 | 4 (2.52%) | 0 | 0 | ||||
Bilateral pain (%) | 13 (65.0%) | 89 (56.0%) | 0.483 | 23 (57.5%) | 56 (61.5%) | 0.663 | 36 (60.0%) | 145 (58.0%) |
Allocated preferred treatment | 0.592 | 0.253 | ||||||
Not allocated | 7 (35%) | 59 (37.1%) | 13 (32.5%) | 39 (42.8%) | 20 (33.3%) | 98 (39.2%) | ||
Allocated | 8 (40.0%) | 47 (29.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 35 (38.5%) | 23 (38.3%) | 82 (32.8%) | ||
No treatment preference | 3 (15.0%) | 35 (22.0%) | 12 (30.0%) | 16 (17.6%) | 15 (25.0%) | 51 (20.4%) | ||
Unknown | 2 (10.0%) | 18 (11.3%) | 0 | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (3.33%) | 19 (7.60%) | ||
Recruitment (health professional) (%) | 0 | 2 (1.26%) | 1.000 | 40 (100%) | 91 (100%) | NA | 20 (33.3%) | 154 (62.3%) |
Global recovery (% recovered) (months) | ||||||||
3 | 10 (50.0%) | 56 | 0.468 | 14 (35.0%) | 33 (40.2%) | 0.576 | 24 (40.0%) | 89 (39.9%) |
12 | 9 (45.0%) | 87 | 0.341 | 23 (59.0%) | 43 (55.1%) | 0.692 | 32 (54.2%) | 130 (56.8%) |
Usual or resting pain (VAS/100) | ||||||||
Baseline | 36.1 (17.1) | 36.4 (16.6) | 0.952 | 39.8 (22.0) | 41.3 (23.2) | 0.895 | 38.5 (20.4) | 38.2 (19.4) |
3 months | 17.8 (15.2) | 21.2 (18.7) | 0.447 | 29.5 (27.8) | 26.5 (26.4) | 0.935 | 25.6 (24.8) | 23.1 (22.0) |
12 months | 12.1 (17.0) | 16.0 (19.1) | 0.388 | 19.7 (25.1) | 20.5 (26.9) | 0.445 | 17.2 (22.8) | 17.6 (22.2) |
Worst or activity-related pain (VAS/100) | ||||||||
Baseline | 58.6 (14.3) | 60.8 (16.1) | 0.555 | 63.0 (19.6) | 60.8 (23.2) | 0.597 | 61.5 (18.0) | 60.8 (18.9) |
3 months | 32.3 (23.7) | 30.1 (23.2) | 0.696 | 42.3 (29.6) | 40.4 (29.5) | 0.969 | 40.9 (28.3) | 33.9 (26.1) |
12 months | 23.7 (25.2) | 23.7 (24.1) | 0.993 | 30.5 (30.1) | 30.6 (32.5) | 0.215 | 28.2 (28.5) | 26.1 (27.4) |
AKPS (/100) | ||||||||
Baseline | 75.2 (8.67) | 71.0 (9.87) | 0.075 | 65.8 (13.2) | 64.9 (15.1) | 0.309 | 68.9 (12.6) | 68.8 (12.4) |
3 months | 84.3 (10.7) | 83.5 (10.7) | 0.784 | 75.2 (16.6) | 77.8 (16.7) | 0.782 | 78.3 (15.4) | 81.5 (13.6) |
12 months | 86.7 (9.27) | 88.0 (10.9) | 0.611 | 80.9 (18.0) | 81.8 (15.4) | 0.328 | 82.9 (15.7) | 85.6 (13.1) |
FIQ (/16) | ||||||||
Baseline | 10.6 (1.64) | 9.70 (2.14) | 0.035 | 9.20 (2.38) | 9.60 (2.60) | 0.398 | 9.67 (2.25) | 9.67 (2.31) |
3 months | 13.7 (2.11) | 12.8 (2.64) | 0.151 | 11.9 (3.38) | 12.0 (3.37) | 0.835 | 12.5 (3.09) | 12.5 (2.93) |
12 months | 13.7 (2.39) | 13.6 (2.82) | 0.859 | 12.8 (3.12) | 13.2 (3.36) | 0.665 | 13.1 (2.90) | 13.4 (3.00) |
Treatment | 0.491 | 0.662 | ||||||
Usual care | NA | NA | 19 (47.5%) | 47 (51.6%) | 19 (31.7%) | 47 (18.8%) | ||
Supervised exercise therapy | NA | NA | 21 (52.5%) | 44 (48.4%) | 21 (35.0%) | 44 (17.6%) | ||
Physiotherapy | 4 (20.0%) | 41 (25.8%) | NA | NA | 4 (6.70%) | 41 (16.4%) | ||
Foot orthoses | 8 (40.0%) | 38 (23.8%) | NA | NA | 8 (13.3%) | 38 (15.2%) | ||
Flat inserts | 4 (20.0%) | 40 (25.2%) | NA | NA | 4 (6.70%) | 40 (16.0%) | ||
Physiotherapy+foot orthoses | 4 (20.0%) | 40 (25.2%) | NA | NA | 4 (6.70%) | 40 (16.0%) |
*Variables measured at baseline unless otherwise stated.
AKPS, Anterior Knee Pain Scale; BMI, body mass index; FIQ, Functional Index Questionnaire; NA, not applicant; VAS, visual analogue scale.