Characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Publication year | Duration of condition (weeks) | Follow-up (weeks) | Treatments | Number of patients | Female patients N (%) | Average age (years) | Outcomes (mean±SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain score | DASH/Quick DASH* | ||||||||
| Price et al36 | 1991 | NA | 24 | PLA | 29 | 11 (38) | 46 | −3.80±1.82 | |
| CS | 59 | 27 (46) | 47 | −2.70±2.43 | |||||
| Akermark et al35 | 1995 | >13 | 26 | GSGPS | 34 | 15 (44) | 46 | −2.98±2.21 | |
| PLA | 31 | 14 (45) | 42 | −2.13±2.62 | |||||
| Hay et al41 | 1999 | NA | 26 | CS | 53 | 22 (42) | NA | −4.44±2.97 | |
| PLA | 58 | 28 (48) | NA | −3.33±2.70 | |||||
| Newcomer et al34 | 2001 | <4 | 26 | CS | 20 | 10 (50) | 46 | −4.14±1.36 | |
| PLA | 19 | 10 (53) | 45 | −3.05±1.37 | |||||
| Smidt et al40 | 2002 | NA | 26 | CS | 62 | 34 (55) | 47 | −2.70±2.60 | |
| PLA | 59 | 31 (53) | 46 | −3.40±2.60 | |||||
| Wong et al33 | 2005 | >13 | 12 | BT | 30 | 25 (83) | 46 | −4.20±1.97 | |
| PLA | 30 | 24 (80) | 44 | −2.27±2.07 | |||||
| Bisset et al39 | 2006 | >6 | 26 | CS | 65 | 25 (38) | 48 | −2.35±2.51 | |
| PLA | 67 | 24 (36) | 47 | −4.15±2.33 | |||||
| Placzek et al32 | 2007 | >17 | 18 | BT | 68 | 37 (54) | 47 | −3.49±0.27 | |
| PLA | 62 | 32 (52) | 47 | −2.57±0.30 | |||||
| Tonks et al38 | 2007 | >26 | 7 | CS | 12 | NA | 48 | −2.88±1.80 | |
| PLA | 12 | NA | 43 | 0.34±1.43 | |||||
| Lindenhovius et al31 | 2008 | <26 | 26 | CS | 27 | 17 (63) | 50 | −3.40±4.11 | −1300±19.52 |
| PLA | 30 | 18 (60) | 51 | −2.90±2.11 | −16.00±17.69 | ||||
| Scarpone et al30 | 2008 | >26 | 16 | PRO | 12 | 6 (50) | 48 | −4.60±0.69 | |
| PLA | 12 | 4 (33) | 48 | −1.00±1.61 | |||||
| Dogramaci et al6 | 2009 | NA | 26 | CS | 25 | 17 (68) | 43 | −5.48±1.48 | |
| PEP | 25 | 12 (48) | 47 | −7.16±1.10 | |||||
| CS+PEP | 25 | 14 (56) | 50 | −7.08±2.41 | |||||
| Espandar et al29 | 2010 | >26 | 16 | BT | 24 | 22 (92) | 43 | −4.31±2.11 | |
| PLA | 24 | 22 (92) | 44 | −3.19±1.57 | |||||
| Kazemi et al28 | 2010 | <52 | 8 | CS | 30 | 26 (87) | 47 | −3.00±2.54 | −19.90±19.35* |
| AB | 30 | 23 (77) | 47 | −5.56±1.68 | −44.70±14.02* | ||||
| Lin et al27 | 2010 | NA | 12 | CS | 10 | 3 (30) | 45 | −1.44±2.70 | |
| BT | 9 | 5 (56) | 46 | −1.14±2.85 | |||||
| Ozturan et al37 | 2010 | >26 | 26 | CS+PEP | 20 | 10 (50) | 46 | −3.35±1.38 | |
| AB+PEP | 20 | 11 (55) | 44 | −5.06±1.33 | |||||
| Peerbooms et al26 | 2010 | >26 | 26 | PRP+PEP | 51 | 26 (51) | 47 | −3.75±2.73 | |
| CS+PEP | 49 | 26 (53) | 47 | −0.92±2.02 | |||||
| Petrella et al25 | 2010 | >13 | 13 | HYA | 165 | 74 (45) | 49 | −6.80±1.42 | |
| PLA | 166 | 78 (47) | 47 | −1.00±1.29 | |||||
| Thanasas et al24 | 2011 | 26 | AB+PEP | 13 | 3 (23) | 37 | −3.47±1.12 | ||
| PRP+PEP | 14 | 5 (36) | 36 | −4.32±1.14 | |||||
| Wolf et al23 | 2011 | <26 | 26 | PLA | 9 | 12 (41) | 49 | −4.00±2.65 | −28.00±10.48 |
| CS | 9 | −3.00±1.40 | −24.00±13.50 | ||||||
| AB | 10 | −2.00±2.79 | −18.00±15.32 | ||||||
| Omar et al22 | 2012 | NA | 6 | PRP | 15 | 9 (60) | 41 | −4.20±1.71 | −39.00±11.88 |
| CS | 15 | 10 (67) | 38 | −4.30±1.90 | −37.10±12.57 | ||||
| Coombes et al42 | 2013 | >6 | 26 | CS | 43 | 16 (37) | 49 | −1.77±1.73 | |
| PLA | 41 | 17 (42) | 50 | −3.13±1.73 | |||||
| Jindal et al21 | 2013 | NA | 6 | AB | 25 | 11 (44) | 39 | −4.36±1.62 | |
| CS | 25 | 8 (32) | 37 | −3.92±1.47 | |||||
| Krogh et al8 | 2013 | >13 | 13 | PRP+PEP | 20 | 11 (55) | 48 | −1.20±1.97 | |
| PEP | 20 | 11 (55) | 45 | −0.66±1.97 | |||||
| CS | 20 | 9 (45) | 44 | −1.42±1.97 | |||||
| Mardani-Kivi et al20 | 2013 | >6 | 12 | CS | 49 | 30 (61) | 44.9 | −4.90±2.74 | −27.10±22.36* |
| PLA | 51 | 29 (57) | 44.6 | −3.30±2.34 | −23.10±26.29* | ||||
| Rabago et al19 | 2013 | >13 | 16 | PRO+PEP | 20 | 5 (25) | 46.5 | −2.35±2.17 | |
| PLA | 12 | 4 (33) | 51.7 | −0.78±2.18 | |||||
| Stenhouse et al18 | 2013 | >26 | 26 | PRP+PEP | 15 | 7 (47) | 53.2 | −3.92±3.26 | |
| PEP | 13 | 8 (62) | 47.6 | −2.37±3.48 | |||||
*, Quick DASH Score. AB, autologous blood; BT, botulinum toxin A; CS, corticosteroid; DASH, disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand; GSG, glycosaminoglycan; HYA, hyaluronic acid; NA, not available; PEP, peppering technique; PLA, placebo; PRO, prolotherapy; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; PS, polysulfate.