Summary of included studies evaluating the within-group effect of FAI and associated pathologies on hip range of movement, strength and functional performance between preintervention and postintervention time points
| Paper (total score using modified Downs and Black appraisal) | Study characteristics | Sample characteristics | Results | ||||||||
| Inclusion pathology | Outcome measured | Method of measurement | Level of evidence | Sample size | Gender | Age (years) * | (Within-group) Preintervention mean (SD) | (Within-group) Postintervention mean (SD) | Standardised mean difference (SMD) magnitude or standardised paired difference (SPD)‡ (95% CI) | Overall main findings (if unable to calculate SMD) | |
| Bedi e
t al
31
(13/17) | FAI (focal cam and/or pincer lesions) CT diagnosis before arthroscopic osteoplasty | Simulated 3-D CT hip ROM (Flex; IR 90 flexion) Clinically measured hip ROM (Flex; IR 90 flexion) Active versus passive not specified | 3-D CT models Goniometer | Case series | 10 | Not specified | 26 (R19–31) | (Intervention=arthroscopy) Hip IR@90'=19.10° (13.03) Hip IR@90'=17.5° (11.37) | Hip IR@90'=28.4° (12.86) Hip IR@90'=31.0° (8.43) |
Simulated IR ROM −0.69 (−1.60 to 0.22). Clinical IR ROM −1.29 (−2.28 to −0.31) | Additional findings to within-group differences: mean hip flexion (simulation) increased by 3.8' (range 0.3–10.8, p=0.002) |
| Emara e
t al
22
(8/17) | Unilateral FAI (clinical and radiological diagnosis) | ROM (Flex, Ext, Abd, Add, IR/ER at N and 90') Active versus passive not specified | Not specified | Case series | 37 (33 at follow-up) | 37 M/10 W | 33 (5) | (Intervention=four-stage conservative treatment) Flex 95' (0.4); Ext 4' (1.6); Abd 37' (0.4); Add 17' (7); ER in Flex 28.5 (0.5); ER in Ext 25.3 (0.3); IR in Flex 9.4 (0.3); IR in Ext 15.8 (0.4) | Flex 88' (3.5); Ext 3.6' (2.2); Abd 36' (1.4); Add 17' (9); ER in Flex 27 (1.1); ER in Ext 24.6 (1.0); IR in Flex 10 (0.6); IR in Ext 15.8 (0.7) |
Pre-ROM to post-ROM‡ Flex 2.51 (1.87 to 3.14), Ext 0.21 (−0.26 to 0.68), Abd 0.99 (0.49 to 1.48), Add 0 (−0.47 to 0.47), ER@90 1.98 (1.40 to 2.56), IR@90 −1.37 (−1.90 to −0.85), ER@0 0.0 (−0.47 to 0.47), IR@0 0.0 (−0.47 to 0.47) | |
| Kubiak-Langer et al
29
(11/17) | People awaiting hip scope with pain, positive FADIR and positive radiology. Controls=contralateral leg of people awaiting THA | 3-D CT modelling measure of hip ROM simulated pre-op to simulated post-op and to controls | 3-D CT models | Case series/case–control | 28 (33 controls) | 24 M/4 W | 35 (10) | (Intervention=arthroscopy with osteoplasty) Flex 105 (12); Ext 61 (32); Abd 52 (12); Add 35 (12); IR 11 (7); ER 83 (33) | Flex 125 (10); Ext 71 (26); Abd 64 (8); Add 36 (15); IR 36 (15); ER 94 (33) |
Pre-ROM to post-ROM‡ Flex −1.79 (−2.41 to −1.16), Ext −0.34 (−0.87 to 0.19), Abd −1.16 (−1.73 to −0.59), Add −0.07 (−0.60 to 0.45), ER −0.33 (−0.86 to 0.20), IR −2.11 (−2.77 to −1.44) | |
| Casartelli et al
23
(8/17) | Unilateral FAI (clinical and radiological diagnosis) | Strength—MVC (hip Abd, Add, IR, ER, Flex and Ext muscle groups) | Handheld dynamometer (Abd, Add, IR and ER) Isokinetic dynamometer (Flex and Ext) | Case series | 8 | 3 M/5 W | 29 (10) | Hip Add 1.64 (0.84); hip Abd 1.93 (0.51); hip IR 0.49 (0.18); hip ER 0.51 (23); hip flexors 1.24 (0.41); hip extensors 1.72 (1.18) |
Intervention=
arthroscopy
Hip Add 2.19 (0.79); hip Abd 2.11 (0.41); hip IR 0.78 (0.15); hip ER 0.70 (0.23); hip Flex 1.52 (0.38); hip Ext 2.46 (0.75) |
Pre>post strength‡ Add −0.64 (−1.65 to 0.38), Abd −0.37 (−1.36 to 0.62), IR −1.66 (−2.84 to 0.47), ER −0.78 (−1.81 to 0.25), Flex −0.67 (−1.69 to 0.35), Ext −0.71 (−1.73 to 0.31) | |
Significant negative SMDs indicate improvement from the preintervention to postintervention time point.
*Mean (SD).
Abd, abduction; Add, adduction; 3-D, three dimensional; ER, external rotation; Ext, extension; FADIR, flex/adduction/internal rotation; FAI, femoral acetabular impingement; Flex, flexion; IR, internal rotation; M, male; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; ROM, range of movement; W, Woman.