Non-runner athlete | Endurance runner | p Value | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight | ||||
<85% Expected weight* | 22.2% (4) | 52.9% (27) | 0.02 | 44.9% (31) |
Low BMI <18.5 kg/m2 | 11.1% (2) | 21.6% (11) | 0.33 | 18.8% (13) |
BMI Z-score <−1.0 | 5.9% (1) | 21.6% (11) | 0.14 | 17.6% (12) |
Weight loss† | 5.9% (1) | 9.8% (5) | 0.62 | 8.8% (6) |
Calcium intake | ||||
Daily milk beverage‡ | 83.3% (15) | 76.5% (39) | 0.54 | 78.3% (54) |
Calcium supplement§ | 5.6% (1) | 23.5% (12) | 0.09 | 18.8% (13) |
<1 serving daily | 5.6% (1) | 11.8% (6) | 0.45 | 10.1% (7) |
Bone health | ||||
Low BMD | ||||
Z-score <−1.0 | 5.6% (1) | 23.5% (12) | 0.09 | 18.8% (13) |
Z-score ≤−2.0 | 0.0% (0) | 3.9% (2) | 0.39 | 2.9% (2) |
Stress fracture** | 0.0% (0) | 16.0% (8) | 0.10 | 12.3% (8) |
Group differences evaluated using χ2 analysis.
*Expected weight calculated using the Hamwi formula. **History of prior bone stress injury.
†Reported losing weight or trying to lose weight in the past year.
‡Daily intake of dairy milk or a fortified non-dairy milk beverage.
§Daily intake of a calcium supplement.
BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index.