Characteristics of prospective studies included
| Author | Sex | Age (years) | PFP sample (N) | PFP BMI (kg/m2) | PFP-free sample (N) | PFP-free BMI (kg/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescents with PFP | ||||||
| Barber-Foss et al15 | Females | 12.8±1.1 | 223 | 20.2±3.8 | 39 | 20.8±3.9 |
| Adults with PFP | ||||||
| Boling et al16 | Mixed | NR | 40 | 24.3±2.8 | 1279 | 23.9±2.6 |
| Duvigneaud et al17 | Females | NR (18–34) | 26 | 21.6±2.8 | 36 | 22.2±2.7 |
| Milgrom et al18 | Males | NR | 60 | 22.2±2.8 | 330 | 22.1±2.6 |
| Thijs et al21 | Mixed | 19.1±1.9 | 36 | 22.1±2.8 | 48 | 21.0±2.6 |
| Thijs et al19 | Mixed | 37.0±9.5 | 17 | 25.5±2.8 | 85 | 24.9±2.6 |
| Thijs et al20 | Females | 38.0±9.0 | 16 | 25.4±2.7 | 61 | 24.0±2.9 |
| Van Tiggelen et al23 | Males | NR (17–27) | 31 | 22.2±3.0 | 65 | 21.3±2.2 |
| Van Tiggelen et al22 | Males | 19.5±1.4 | 26 | 22.0±2.8 | 23 | 21.5±2.6 |
| Witvrow et al24 | Mixed | 18.6 (17.0–2.01) | 24 | 21.3±2.8 | 258 | 21.6±2.6 |
Data are reported as mean±SD or mean (range).
BMI, body mass index; NR, not reported; PFP, patellofemoral pain.