Table 2

A multivariable adjusted model exploring prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 5 years for all participants (n=118)

	Effect	95% CI	p Value	Effect	95% CI	p Value	Effect	95% CI	p Value	Effect	95% CI	p Value
	KOOS-pain			KOOS-symptoms			KOOS-sport/rec			KOOS-QOL
Baseline cartilage defect	−1.3	−6.8 to 4.1	0.63	−5.3	−12.5 to 1.9	0.15	−4.9	−15.8 to 6.1	0.38	−0.5	−10.9 to 9.9	0.92
Baseline meniscus damage	−1.1	−6.6 to 4.4	0.69	−1.5	−8.8 to 5.7	0.68	−2.4	−13.5 to 8.6	0.66	−2.7	−13.2 to 7.8	0.61
Baseline osteochondral lesion	−0.8	−5.6 to 3.9	0.73	1.4	−4.9 to 7.7	0.66	−3.4	−13.0 to 6.2	0.48	−3.9	−13.0 to 5.2	0.40
Baseline extension deficit	−2.4	−7.1 to 2.4	0.33	−1.2	−7.5 to 5.1	0.71	−4.1	−13.6 to 5.4	0.40	−4.5	−13.6 to 4.5	0.32
Graft/ contralateral ACL rupture	−12.0	−20.2 to −3.7	0.01	−7.5	−18.4 to 3.3	0.17	−24.1	−40.5 to −7.6	0.01	−23.6	−39.2 to −7.9	0.003
1 non-ACL surgery^*	−5.7	−10.5 to −0.9	0.02	−9.5	−15.8 to −3.2	0.004	−9.7	−19.3 to −0.1	0.05	−5.8	−14.9 to 3.3	0.21
≥2 non-ACL surgeries^*	−7.0	−14.6 to 0.5	0.07	−14.5	−24.4 to −4.6	0.01	−13.6	−28.7 to 1.4	0.08	−16.9	−31.2 to −2.6	0.02
SF-36 MCS at baseline	0.2	0.0 to 0.3	0.01	0.1	−0.1 to 0.3	0.22	0.1	−0.1 to 0.3	0.41	0.1	−0.1 to 0.4	0.26
KOOS₄ at baseline	0.0	−0.2 to 0.2	0.82	0.2	0.0 to 0.5	0.07	0.2	−0.2 to 0.5	0.33	0.2	−0.1 to 0.5	0.27
Rehabilitation visits	0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.74	0.0	−0.1 to 0.1	0.52	0.1	0.0 to 0.3	0.12	0.1	−0.1 to 0.2	0.27
Delayed ACLR^†	−0.3	−5.6 to 5.1	0.92	2.5	−4.5 to 9.5	0.48	0.9	−9.7 to 11.6	0.86	−1.9	−9.2 to 11.0	0.74
Exercise therapy alone^†	1.4	−4.5 to 7.4	0.63	10.1	2.3 to 17.9	0.01	9.1	−2.8 to 20.9	0.13	0.9	−13.1 to 9.4	0.86

*No non-ACL surgeries were used as a reference category in multivariable analysis.
†Early ACL reconstruction was used as a reference category in multivariable analysis.
Effect (regression coefficient): the estimate of the average change in a KOOS subscale (scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best)) that corresponds to a 1-unit change in the prognostic factor (1-unit=1 point on a 0–100 scale for KOOS₄ and SF-36 MCS). All estimates are adjusted for sex, age, smoking, education level and preinjury activity level. Crude unadjusted estimates are presented in see online supplementary appendix. Non-ACL surgery: total number of knee surgery events not performed in the same surgical session as ACL reconstruction or revision. KOOS and SF-36 scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Statistically significant effects (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold.
ACLR, ACL reconstruction; KOOS₄, a mean score from four Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/rec and QOL); MCS, Mental Component Score; SF-36, 36-item Short-Form.