Table 1

Meta-analysis of effects of exercise on outcomes in AUD in long-term studies

Analysis	Number of studies	Number of participants	Meta-analysis				Publication bias
Analysis	Number of studies	Number of participants	SMD	95% CI	p Value	Heterogeneity I²	Egger bias and p value	Trim and fill (95% CI) (number of studies trimmed)
Number of standard drinks per day	2	84	−0.886	−2.38 to 0.61	0.24	83	N/A	N/A
Number of standard drinks per week	3	92	−0.656	−1.21 to −0.21	0.04	48	−4.3, 0.51	−0.16 (−0.88 to 0.55) (2)
AUDIT scores	2	58	−0.378	−0.94 to 0.18	0.18	0	N/A	N/A
VO₂	3	179	0.564	0.11 to 1.01	0.01	46	2.7, p=0.42	Unchanged
Heart rate	2	48	−0.649	−1.97 to 0.674	0.33	78	N/A	N/A
Depression	4	133	−0.867	−1.49 to −0.24	0.006	63	7.58, p=0.23	−1.02 (−1.60 to −0.44) (1)
Anxiety	3	74	−0.353	−0.82 to 0.11	0.11	0	1.09, p=0.72	Unchanged
Self-efficacy	3	84	0.366	−0.66 to 1.39	0.48	95	8.4, p=0.18	Unchanged

AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; SMD, standardised mean difference, VO₂, oxygen uptake.