Table 1

Medications for managing acute, severe pain from a severe injury that does not allow same-day return to play

Intravenous

  • Morphine (10 mg)

  • Fentanyl (100 mcg, titrated to effect)

Inhalation

  • Entonox/Nitronox (inhaled 50:50 oxygen and nitrous oxide mixture)

  • Methoxyflurane/penthrox

Intranasal

  • Diamorphine (1600 mcg in commercially available administrator)

  • Fentanyl (100 mcg administered via nasal syringe adapter)