All-cause mortality (n=52 031) | CVD mortality* (n=48 965) | |||||
Deaths/n | Model 1† HR (95% CI) | Model 2‡ HR (95% CI) | Deaths/n | Model 1§ HR (95% CI) | Model 2‡ HR (95% CI) | |
Cycling¶ | ||||||
None | 4047/46 980 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 890/44 006 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any | 145/5051 | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.95) | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.94) | 39/4959 | 1.00 (0.72 to 1.39) | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.37) |
p | 0.011 | 0.008 | 1.000 | 0.955 | ||
Swimming | ||||||
None | 4014/44 892 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 891/41 982 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any | 178/7139 | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.86) | 0.75 (0.64 to 0.87) | 38/6983 | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.06) | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.07) |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.101 | 0.114 | ||
Running** | ||||||
None | 4156/49 174 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 924/46 125 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any | 36/2857 | 1.05 (0.75 to 1.47) | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.48) | 5/2840 | 0.82 (0.34 to 1.99) | 0.84 (0.34 to 2.04) |
p | 0.763 | 0.736 | 0.659 | 0.692 | ||
Football†† | ||||||
None | 4167/50 312 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 922/47 262 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any | 25/1719 | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.65) | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.64) | 7/1703 | 1.71 (0.80 to 3.65) | 1.72 (0.81 to 3.67) |
p | 0.626 | 0.628 | 0.163 | 0.160 | ||
Racquet sports‡‡ | ||||||
None | 4161/50 062 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 926/47 016 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 31/1969 | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.90) | 0.64 (0.45 to 0.92) | 3/1949 | 0.29 (0.09 to 0.89) | 0.29 (0.09 to 0.91) |
p | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.030 | 0.034 | ||
Aerobics§§ | ||||||
None | 4119/48 711 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 920/45 736 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any | 73/3320 | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.84) | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.85) | 9/3229 | 0.40 (0.21 to 0.77) | 0.40 (0.21 to 0.78) |
p | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.007 |
*Excludes those with prevalent CVD (IHD, angina, stroke).
†Model adjusted for age, sex, survey year, long-standing illness, alcohol drinking frequency, psychological distress (GHQ score), body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, prevalent CVD (IHD, angina, stroke), prevalent cancer and other weekly physical activity volume (MET-hours, excluding the volume of sport that is the main exposure in the corresponding model).
‡Model also adjusted for social class and equalised household income.
§Model adjusted for age, sex, survey year, long-standing illness, alcohol-drinking frequency, psychological distress (GHQ score), BMI, smoking status, education level and other weekly physical activity volume (MET-hours, excluding the volume of sport that is the main exposure in the corresponding model).
¶For any purpose.
**Running/jogging.
††Football/rugby.
‡‡Badminton/tennis/squash.
§§Aerobics/keep fit/gymnastics/dance for fitness.