Author, year | M (n) | F (n) | n | Loss to follow-up (n) * | Age (SD) (year) | Participant group(s) | Follow-up period | FMS cut-point | Injury type† | Mechanism |
Azzam et al,85 2015 | 34 | 0 | 34 | 0 | NR | Professional basketball (NBA) | 4 seasons | ≤14 | TL (≥7 days) | Overuse trauma |
Bardenett et al,86 2015 | 88 | 97 | 185 | 18 | 15.2 (SD NR) | High-school athletes (cc, afb, sc, sw, tn and vb) | 1 season | Various | TL MA | NR |
Bushman et al,45 2016 | 2476 | 0 | 2476 | 590 | 18–57 | Light infantry brigade (US Army) | 6 months | ≤14 | MA | Overuse trauma |
Butler et al,87 2013 | NR | NR | 108 | NR | NR | Firefighter trainees | 16 weeks | ≤14 | TL (≥3 days) | NR |
Chorba et al,88 2010 | 0 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 19 (1.2) | Collegiate athletes (sc, bb and vb) | 1 season | ≤14 | MA | NR |
Dossa et al,89 2014 | 31 | 0 | 31 | 11 | 16–20 | Major junior ice hockey | 1 season | ≤14 | TL (≥1 game) | NR |
Garrison et al,90 2015 | 88 | 80 | 168 | 8 | 17–22 | Collegiate athletes (sw/dv, rb and sc) | 1 season | ≤14 | MA | ‘Any’ |
Hammes et al,59 2016 | 238 | 0 | 238 | NR | 44 (7) | Veteran (≥32 years) football (soccer) | 9 months | NA | TL | ‘Any’ |
Hotta et al,41 2015 | 101 | 0 | 84 | 17 | 20 (1.1) | College runners | 6 months | ≤14 | TL (≥4 weeks) | Excl trauma |
Kiesel et al,912014 | 238 | 0 | 238 | NR | NR | Prof American football | 1 pre-season | ≤14 | TL (any) | ‘Any’ |
Kiesel et al,922007 | 46 | 0 | 46 | NR (0) | NR | Prof American football | ~4.5 months | ≤14 | TL (≥3 weeks) | ‘Any’ |
Knapik et al,47 2015 | 770 | 275 | 1045 | NR | 18 (0.7) | US Coast Guard cadets | 8 weeks | ≤11 M ≤14 F | MA | ‘Any’ |
Kodesh et al,93 2015 | 0 | 158 | 158 | NR | Mdn 19 | Female soldiers | 3 months | ≤12 ≤14 | MA TL (≥2 days) | ‘Any’ |
Letafatkar et al,352014 | 50 | 50 | 100 | NR (0) | 18–25 | Students (sc, hb and bb) | 1 season | ≤17 | TL (≥1 exposure) | ‘Any’ lower extremity |
McGill et al,562012 | 14 | 0 | 14 | NR | 20.4 (1.6) | University basketball | 2 years | NA | TL | ‘Any’ back injury |
McGill et al,442015 | 53 | 0 | 53 | NR (0) | 38 (5) | Elite task force police | 5 years | ≤14 | NR | ‘Any’ back injury, excl accident |
Mokha et al,94 2016 | 20 | 64 | 84 | NR (0) | M 20.4 (1.3); F 19.1 (1.2) | University athletes (rw, vb and sc) | 1 academic year | ≤14 | MA TL | ‘Any’ |
O’Connor et al,462011 | 874 | 0 | 874 | NR (0) | Long course 23.0 (2.6); Short course 21.7 (2.6) | US Marine Corp officer candidates | 38 days; 68 days | ≤14 | MA | Overuse trauma |
Rusling et al,40 2015 | 135 | 0 | 135 | 15 | 13.6 (3.3) | Professional football (soccer) | 8.5 months | ≤14 | ‘Any’ | Excl contact |
Schroeder et al65 2016 | 158 | 0 | 158 | 62 | 23.7 (3.5) | Amateur football (soccer) | 10 weeks | NA | TL(≥3 days) | Non-contact lower limb |
Shojaedin et al,36 2014 | 50 | 50 | 100 | NR (11) | 22.6 (3) | University athletes (sc, hb and bb) | Competitive season | ≤17 | NR | NR |
Warren et al,43 2015 | 89 | 78 | 167 | NR (0) | 18–24 | College athletes (bb, cc, afb, gf, taf, tn, vb, sc and sw/dv) | Competitive season | ≤14 | MA | Only ‘non-contact’ |
Wiese et al,42 2014 | 144 | 0 | 144 | NR (0) | 19 (1.3) | NCAA Division I (American football) | 1 season | ≤17 | MA TL (≥1 day) | Overuse Non-contact |
Zalai et al,57 2015 | 20 | 0 | 20 | NR | 23 (3) | Elite male football (soccer) | 6 months | NA | ? | ? |
*NR (0) = If loss to follow-up was not explicitly reported but could be inferred from results, then loss (n) is shown in brackets.
†Injury type.
afb, American football; bb, basketball; cc, cross-country; dv, diving; Excl, Excluding; F, female; gf, golf; hb, handball; M, male; MA, medical attention; Mdn, median; NA, not applicable; NBA, National Basketball Association; NCAA, National Collegiate Athletic Association; NR, not reported; Prof, Professional; rb, rugby; rw, rowing; sc, soccer; taf, track and field; TL, time loss; tn, tennis; sw, swimming; vb, volleyball; ?, injury definition unclear from the published information.