Outcome data from prospective cohort studies for: study name; participant number, gender and age range; years of follow-up; total fat and saturated fat for CHD deaths versus CHD-free
| Study | Men/women/age | CHD-free? | Follow-up years | CHD deaths | Total fat CHD death/non | Sat fat CHD death/non |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kushi et al, Ireland Boston study27 | 1001 M (30–69) | N | 20 | 110 | 39.4/38.5 % energy* | 17.4/16.9 % energy* |
| Ascherio et al, US Health Professionals28 | 43 757 M (40–75) | Y | 6 | 229 | Note 1 1.59 (1.01 to 2.51) (p=0.02) | Note 1 2.21 (1.38 to 3.54) (p=0.0016) |
| Esrey et al, Lipid Research29 | 2071 M 1854 W (30–59) | Y | 12 | 52 | Note 2a 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08) (p<0.01) | Note 2a 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) (p<0.01) |
| 282 M 339 W (60–79) | Y | 12 | 40 | Note 2a 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) (p<0.01)* | Note 2a 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) (p<0.01)* | |
| Pietinen et al, The Finnish Cancer Study30 | 21 930 M (50–69) | Y (all smokers) | 6.1 | 635 | Note 1 0.85 (0.65 to 1.12)* | Note 1 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) (p=0.044) |
| Boniface and Tefft, UK Health Survey21 | 1225 M (40–75) | Y | 16 | 98 | Note 2b 1.01 (0.93 to 1.10)* | Note 2b 1.00 (0.86 to 1.18)* |
| 1451 W (40–75) | Y | 16 | 57 | Note 2b 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37) (p=0.0181) | Note 2b 1.40 (1.09 to 1.79) (p=0.0074) | |
| Xu et al, Strong Heart Study31 | 646 M 1013 W (47–59) | Y | 7.2 | 46 | Note 3 3.57 (1.21 to 10.49) (p=0.01) | Note 3 5.17 (1.64 to 16.36) (p=0.01) |
| 405 M 874 W (60–79) | Y | 7.2 | 92 | Note 3 0.77 (0.41 to 1.45)* | Note 3 0.80 (0.41 to 1.54)* | |
| Nagata et al, Japanese Study32 | 12 953 M (≥35) | Y | 16 | 665 | Notes 1 and 4 1.12 (0.80 to 1.57)* | Notes 1 and 4 0.96 (0.67 to 1.39)* |
| Total | 89 801 | 2024 |
95% CIs in parentheses.
Note 1: Data were presented in quintiles. The lowest quintile fat intake was given a risk ratio (RR) for CHD mortality of 1.0. The RR for the highest fat intake, quintile 5, was presented.
Note 2: (2a) This presented the RR for a one unit increase in the percentage of energy intake provided by the nutrient.29 (2b) This was defined as an additional 100 g/week.21
Note 3: Data were presented in quartiles. The lowest quartile fat intake was given a risk ratio (RR) for CHD mortality of 1.0. The RR for the highest fat intake, quartile 4, was presented.
Note 4: Data are for cardiovascular disease (CVD), not CHD. Nagata et al32 included 15 403 women, but did not report on CVD, or CHD mortality by fat intake for women (table 4, p. 1718 for men).
*Not statistically significant.