Table 3

Results from the dummy experiments

Parameter	Test condition	Results for all boards (max values)						Reference for assessment
Parameter	Test condition	B02	B11	B22	B31	B41	B51	Reference for assessment
Displacement (mm)	V2, h=1 m	16.5	35.6	70.6	39.8	61.1	56.0	–
Head injury criterion (–)	V2	131	28	143	90	35	59	1000*
Assessment score	V2	0.131	0.028	0.143	0.090	0.035	0.059	1000*
Shoulder force (lateral, y-axis) (N)	V2	146	1585	1273	1155	1339	1541	3000†
Assessment score	V2	0.049	0.528	0.424	0.385	0.446	0.514	3000†
Lower spine force (lateral, y-axis) (N)	V2	2492	1443	1324	1115	648	885	1500*
Assessment score	V2	1.661	0.962	0.883	0.743	0.432	0.590	1500*
Moment of lower spine (around x-axis) (Nm)	V2	69	56	45	47	45	36	120‡
Assessment score	V2	0.575	0.467	0.375	0.392	0.375	0.300	120‡
Compression of lower rib (mm)	V2	18	7	11	5	7	8	42*
Assessment score	V2	0.429	0.167	0.262	0.119	0.167	0.190	42*
Viscous criterion (–)	V2	0.1	0	0	0	0	0.0	1*
Assessment score	V2	0.100	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1*
Abdominal force (N)	V2	818	407	287	96	106	117	2500*
Assessment score	V2	0.327	0.163	0.115	0.038	0.042	0.047	2500*
Pubic symphysis force (N)	V2	1456	2610	1589	2032	1502	1551	6000*
Assessment score	V2	0.243	0.435	0.265	0.339	0.250	0.259	6000*
Overall assessment score (sum)		3.515	2.750	2.467	2.106	1.747	1.959

Assessment scores were calculated as the measured value divided by the reference value.
*Reference values used in automotive testing.19
†Reference values based on previous studies.20 21
‡Current standards do not include a threshold value for the lower spine moment; therefore, we chose 120 Nm, because it represented the highest spine moment recorded in this test series (recorded in a dummy configuration which is not part of this publication).