Parameter | Test condition | Results for all boards (max values) | Reference for assessment | |||||
B02 | B11 | B22 | B31 | B41 | B51 | |||
Displacement (mm) | V2, h=1 m | 16.5 | 35.6 | 70.6 | 39.8 | 61.1 | 56.0 | – |
Head injury criterion (–) | V2 | 131 | 28 | 143 | 90 | 35 | 59 | 1000* |
Assessment score | 0.131 | 0.028 | 0.143 | 0.090 | 0.035 | 0.059 | ||
Shoulder force (lateral, y-axis) (N) | V2 | 146 | 1585 | 1273 | 1155 | 1339 | 1541 | 3000† |
Assessment score | 0.049 | 0.528 | 0.424 | 0.385 | 0.446 | 0.514 | ||
Lower spine force (lateral, y-axis) (N) | V2 | 2492 | 1443 | 1324 | 1115 | 648 | 885 | 1500* |
Assessment score | 1.661 | 0.962 | 0.883 | 0.743 | 0.432 | 0.590 | ||
Moment of lower spine (around x-axis) (Nm) | V2 | 69 | 56 | 45 | 47 | 45 | 36 | 120‡ |
Assessment score | 0.575 | 0.467 | 0.375 | 0.392 | 0.375 | 0.300 | ||
Compression of lower rib (mm) | V2 | 18 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 42* |
Assessment score | 0.429 | 0.167 | 0.262 | 0.119 | 0.167 | 0.190 | ||
Viscous criterion (–) | V2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1* |
Assessment score | 0.100 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
Abdominal force (N) | V2 | 818 | 407 | 287 | 96 | 106 | 117 | 2500* |
Assessment score | 0.327 | 0.163 | 0.115 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.047 | ||
Pubic symphysis force (N) | V2 | 1456 | 2610 | 1589 | 2032 | 1502 | 1551 | 6000* |
Assessment score | 0.243 | 0.435 | 0.265 | 0.339 | 0.250 | 0.259 | ||
Overall assessment score (sum) | 3.515 | 2.750 | 2.467 | 2.106 | 1.747 | 1.959 |
Assessment scores were calculated as the measured value divided by the reference value.
*Reference values used in automotive testing.19
†Reference values based on previous studies.20 21
‡Current standards do not include a threshold value for the lower spine moment; therefore, we chose 120 Nm, because it represented the highest spine moment recorded in this test series (recorded in a dummy configuration which is not part of this publication).