Included studies involving asymptomatic and symptomatic participants
| Author | Study design | Study population | Participants (hips, n) | Demographics | Imaging modality | Findings (intra-articular pathology) |
| Dickenson et al 67* | Cross-sectional |
Subjects Male golfers with hip pain Controls Male golfers without hip pain |
Subjects NR (15) Controls NR (95) |
Subjects Age: NR Sex: 15 M Controls Age: NR Sex: 95 M | 1.5 T MRI |
Subjects Labral tear: 3/15; increased labral signal: 3/15; acetabular cartilage defect 4/15; femoral cartilage defect: 1/15; acetabular subchondral oedema: 3/15; femoral subchondral oedema: 6/15; herniation pit: 4/15; joint effusion: 1/15 Controls Labral tear: 22/95; increased labral signal: 21/95; acetabular cartilage defect: 6/95; femoral cartilage defect: 3/95 acetabular subchondral oedema: 10/95; femoral subchondral oedema: 10/95; herniation pit: 9/95; joint effusion: 8/95 |
| Ji et al 56 | Case–control |
Subjects Mechanical symptoms with hip pain Controls Pain due to a ureter stone without hip pain |
Subjects 151 (151) Controls 151 (151) |
Subjects Age†: 46 (12) Sex: 83 F/68 M Controls Age†: 46 (12) Sex: 83 F/68 M | CTACT |
Subjects Herniation pit: 36/151 Controls Herniation pit: 5/151 |
| Kolo et al 51 | Cross-sectional |
Subjects Symptomatic/asymptomatic ballet dancers Controls Asymptomatic non-dancing individuals |
Subjects 30 (59) Controls 14 (28) |
Subjects Age‡: 24.6 (§18–39) Sex: 30 F Controls Age‡: 27.1 (§20–34) Sex: 14 F | 1.5 T MRI |
Subjects Labral tear: 28/59; hips≥2 labral tears: 12/59; labral degeneration: 24/59; hips≥2 labral degenerative tears: 11/59; labral ossification: 2/59; hips≥2 ossified lesions: 2/59; acetabular cartilage defect≤5 mm: 12/59; acetabular cartilage defect:≥5 mm: 17/59 herniation pit: 31/59 Controls Labral tear: 8/28; hips≥2 labral tears: 1/28; labral degeneration: 12/28; hips≥2 labral degenerative tears: 1/28; labral ossification: 4/28; hips≥2 ossified lesions: 0/28; acetabular cartilage defect≤5 mm: 4/28; acetabular cartilage defect≥5 mm: 2/28; herniation pit: 5/28 |
| Mayes et al 58* | Case-control |
Subjects Hip pain last 3 months¶ Controls No hip pain¶ |
Subjects NR (40) Controls NR (156) |
Subjects Age**††: 30 (IQR 24) Age**‡‡: 34.5 (IQR 24) Sex¶: 24 F/9 M Controls Age**††: 30.5 (IQR 20) Age**‡‡: 28 (IQR 20) Sex¶: 32 F/33 M | 3 T MRI |
Subjects Labral tear: 16/40 Controls Labral tear: 83/156 |
| Mayes et al 43* | Case–control |
Subjects Hip pain last 3 months¶ Controls No hip pain¶ |
Subjects NR (40) Controls NR (156) |
Subjects Age**††: 30 (IQR 24) Age**‡‡: 34.5 (IQR 24) Sex¶: 24 F/9 M Controls Age**††: 30.5 (IQR 20) Age**‡‡: 28 (IQR 20) Sex¶: 32 F/33 M | 3 T MRI |
Subjects Ligamentum teres tear: 20/40 Controls Ligamentum teres tear: 38/156 |
| Mayes et al 65* | Case–control |
Subjects Hip pain last 3 months¶ Controls No hip pain¶ |
Subjects NR (40) Controls NR (156) |
Subjects Age**††: 30 (IQR 24) Age**‡‡: 34.5 (IQR 24) Sex¶: 24 F/9 M Controls Age**††: 30.5 (IQR 20) Age**‡‡: 28 (IQR 20) Sex¶: 32 F/33 M | 3 T MRI |
Subjects Cartilage defect: 18/40 Controls Cartilage defect: 66/156 |
| Teichtahl et al 68 | Cross-sectional |
Subjects Hip pain with radiographic hip OA Controls No hip pain |
Subjects 19 (19) Controls 141 (141) |
Subjects Age‡: 59.2 (7.6) Sex: 11 F/8 M Controls Age‡: 66.8 (7.3) Sex: 78 F/63 M | 3 T MRI |
Subjects Femoral head cartilage defect: central superolateral 17/19; central inferomedial 10/19; anterior: 12/19; posterior 14/19; acetabular cartilage defects: central superolateral 17/19; anterior 18/19; posterior 15/19; femoroacetabular cartilage defect: central superolateral 18/19; anterior 18/19; posterior 16/19; femoral head BML: central superolateral 10/19; central inferomedial 6/19; anterior 7/19; posterior 5/19; acetabular BML: central superolateral 13/19; central inferomedial 2/19; anterior 13/19; posterior 11/19; femoroacetabular BML: central superolateral 14/19; central inferomedial 6/19; anterior 14/19; posterior 13/19 Controls Femoral head cartilage defect: central superolateral 45/141; central inferomedial 67/141; anterior 5/141; posterior 25/141; acetabular cartilage defects: central superolateral 37/141; anterior 26/141; posterior 50/141; femoroacetabular cartilage defect: central superolateral 64/141; anterior 27/141; posterior 57/141; femoral head BML: central superolateral 7/141; central inferomedial 6/141; anterior 2/141; posterior 4/141; acetabular BML: central superolateral 22/141; central inferomedial 3/141; anterior 28/141; posterior 18/141; femoroacetabular BML : central superolateral 27/141; central inferomedial 8/141; anterior 29/141; posterior 20/141 |
| Tresch et al 66 | Cross-sectional |
Subjects Individuals with FAI Controls Asymptomatic individuals |
Subjects 63 (63) Controls 63 (63) |
Subjects Age‡: 35.3 (§20–50) Controls Age‡: 34.4 (§20–50) | 1.5 T MRA 1.5 T MRI |
Subjects Labral tears: reader 1 37/63; reader 2 40/63; degenerated labrum: reader 1 6/63; reader 2 9/63; normal labrum: reader 1 20/63; reader 2 14/63; acetabular cartilage defect (superficial): reader 1 9/63; reader 2 21/63; acetabular cartilage defect (deep): reader 1 17/63; reader 2 12/63; normal acetabular cartilage: reader 1 37/63; reader 2 30/63 femoral cartilage defect (superficial): reader 1 13/63; reader 2 13/63; femoral cartilage defect (deep): reader 1 7/63; reader 2 5/63; normal femoral cartilage: reader 1 43/63; reader 2 45/63 Controls Labral tears: reader 1 23/63; reader 2 33/63; degenerated labrum: reader 1 4/63; reader 2 8/63; normal labrum: reader 1 36/63; reader 2 22/63; acetabular cartilage defect (superficial): reader 1 5/63; reader 2 11/63; acetabular cartilage defect (deep): reader 1 0/63; reader 2 2/63; normal acetabular cartilage: reader 1 58/63; reader 2 50/63 femoral cartilage defect (superficial): reader 1 2/63; reader 2 3/63; femoral cartilage defect (deep): reader 1 0/63; reader 2 2/63; normal femoral cartilage: reader 1 61/63; reader 2 58/63 |
*Authors provided additional results not presented in original article.
†Median (SD).
‡Mean (SD).
§Range.
¶Includes dancers and athletes.
**Median (IQR).
††Dancers.
‡‡Athletes.
BML, bone marrow lesion; CTA, CT arthrography; F, female; FAI, femoroacetabular impingement; M, male; MRA, magnetic resonance arthrography; NR, not reported; OA, osteoarthritis.