Comparison of punching-based variables relative to total punches thrown
| Parameter | Study | Bout average | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 |
| Hit % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 21.5±12.6 (18.2 to 24.8) | 20.3±13.3 (16.8 to 23.8) | 21.6±13.9 (17.9 to 25.2) | 22.2±13.3 (18.7 to 25.7) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 13.5±5.0 (12.3 to 14.6) | 13.8±7.1 (12.1 to 15.4) | 13.2±6.4 (11.7 to 14.6) | 13.8±6.9 (12.2 to 15.4) | |
| p=, d | <0.001, d=1.1 | <0.001, d=0.76 | <0.001, d=0.98 | <0.001, d=0.98 | |
| Miss % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 78.5±12.6 (75.2 to 81.8) | 79.7±13.3 (76.2 to 83.2) | 78.4±13.9 (74.8 to 82.1) | 77.8±13.3 (74.3 to 81.3) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 86.5±5.0 (85.4 to 87.7) | 86.2±7.1 (84.6 to 87.8) | 86.8±6.4 (85.4 to 88.3) | 86.2±6.9 (84.6 to 87.8) | |
| p=, d | <0.001, d=1.1 | <0.001, d=0.76 | <0.001, d=0.98 | <0.001, d=0.98 | |
| Air % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 24.6±13.1 (21.2 to 28.1) | 26.0±16.1 (21.7 to 30.2) | 24.4±14.4 (20.7 to 28.2) | 24.1±13.3 (20.6 to 27.6) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 19.5±15.0 (16.1 to 23.0) | 21.3±16.8 (17.5 to 25.0) | 19.6±16.5 (15.9 to 23.4) | 18.9±15.5 (15.4 to 22.5) | |
| p=, d | 0.039, d=0.37 | ns | ns | 0.040, d=0.36 | |
| Lead % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 55.9±11.5 (52.9 to 58.9) | 57.7±13.9 (54.0 to 61.4) | 55.4±11.0 (52.5 to 58.3) | 54.8±12.6 (51.5 to 58.1) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 60.8±7.2 (59.2 to 62.5) | 62.4±8.6 (60.5 to 64.4) | 60.4±8.5 (58.5 to 62.4) | 59.9±8.1 (58.1 to 61.8) | |
| p=, d | 0.005, d=0.60 | 0.025, d=0.49 | 0.005, d=0.57 | 0.009, d=0.56 | |
| Rear % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 44.1±11.5 (41.0 to 47.1) | 42.3±13.9 (38.6 to 46.0) | 44.6±11.0 (41.7 to 47.5) | 45.2±12.6 (41.9 to 48.5) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 39.2±7.2 (37.5 to 40.8) | 37.6±8.6 (35.6 to 39.5) | 39.6±8.5 (37.6 to 41.5) | 40.1±8.1 (38.2 to 41.9) | |
| p=, d | 0.005, d=0.60 | 0.025, d=0.49 | 0.005, d=0.57 | 0.009, d=0.56 | |
| Head % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 83.0±11.2 (80.1 to 85.9) | 82.8±11.7 (79.7 to 85.8) | 82.9±12.2 (79.7 to 86.1) | 83.7±12.3 (80.4 to 86.9) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 89.1±6.4 (87.7 to 90.6) | 87.7±8.3 (85.8 to 89.6) | 89.2±7.5 (87.5 to 90.9) | 90.1±8.2 (88.1 to 92.0) | |
| p=, d | <0.001, d=0.81 | 0.007, d=0.56 | 0.001, d=0.73 | 0.001, d=0.71 | |
| Body % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 17.0±11.2 (14.1 to 19.9) | 17.2±11.7 (14.2 to 20.3) | 17.1±12.2 (13.9 to 20.3) | 16.3±12.3 (13.1 to 19.6) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 10.9±6.3 (9.4 to 12.3) | 12.3±8.3 (10.4 to 14.2) | 10.8±7.5 (9.1 to 12.5) | 9.9±8.2 (8.1 to 11.8) | |
| p=, d | <0.001, d=0.81 | 0.007, d=0.56 | 0.001, d=0.73 | 0.001, d=0.71 | |
| Straight % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 51.3±17.2 (46.8 to 55.9) | 51.8±18.9 (46.8 to 56.8) | 50.0±18.3 (45.2 to 54.8) | 52.8±18.4 (48.0 to 57.7) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 59.6±15.4 (56.0 to 63.0) | 62.8±16.5 (59.0 to 66.5) | 58.6±17.4 (54.7 to 62.5) | 58.1±16.4 (54.3 to 61.8) | |
| p=, d | 0.005, d=0.53 | 0.001, d=0.66 | 0.006, d=0.51 | ns | |
| Hook % | Pre2013 (95% CI) | 42.5±15.7 (38.3 to 46.6) | 43.0±17.1 (38.5 to 47.5) | 43.5±16.4 (39.2 to 47.8) | 40.8±17.4 (36.2 to 45.4) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 37.0±14.7 (33.6 to 40.3) | 34.7±15.9 (31.1 to 38.2) | 37.5±16.5 (33.7 to 41.2) | 37.9±15.5 (34.3 to 41.4) | |
| p=, d | 0.042, d=0.38 | 0.005, d=0.53 | 0.038, d=0.38 | ns | |
| Uppercut % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 6.2±6.0 (4.6 to 7.8) | 5.2±7.4 (3.3 to 7.2) | 6.5±6.8 (4.7 to 8.3) | 6.4±6.8 (4.6 to 8.2) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 3.5±3.7 (2.7 to 4.4) | 2.6±3.4 (1.8 to 3.4) | 3.9±5.0 (2.7 to 5.0) | 4.1±4.7 (3.0 to 5.2) | |
| p=, d | 0.004, d=0.63 | 0.014, d=0.58 | 0.015, d=0.50 | 0.027, d=0.46 | |
| Straight lead % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 30.3±15.1 (29.9 to 30.4) | 31.8±17.5 (27.2 to 36.4) | 29.4±14.9 (25.5 to 33.3) | 30.0±15.5 (26.0 to 34.1) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 37.0±13.0 (34.1 to 40.0) | 39.9±14.3 (36.6 to 43.1) | 36.2±14.8 (32.8 to 39.6) | 35.6±13.7 (32.5 to 38.7) | |
| p=, d | 0.008, d=0.51 | 0.005, d=0.55 | 0.010, d=0.48 | 0.032, d=0.41 | |
| Hook rear % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 18.8±9.3 (16.4 to 21.3) | 18.7±10.0 (16.0 to 21.3) | 19.5±10.7 (16.7 to 22.3) | 18.1±10.3 (15.4 to 20.8) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 14.1±8.6 (12.2 to 16.1) | 13.0±8.7 (11.1 to 15.0) | 14.1±10.3 (11.7 to 16.4) | 14.7±9.4 (12.5 to 16.8) | |
| p=, d | 0.004, d=0.55 | 0.001, d=0.65 | 0.004, d=0.54 | 0.039, d=0.37 | |
| Single punch % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 29.2±11.4 (26.6 to 32.2) | 31.0±12.9 (27.6 to 34.4) | 27.7±12.5 (24.5 to 31.0) | 30.0±14.1 (26.7 to 33.7) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 33.8±11.7 (31.1 to 36.5) | 36.7±14.7 (33.3 to 40.0) | 33.8±14.6 (30.4 to 37.1) | 32.8±14.4 (29.5 to 36.1) | |
| p=, d | 0.023, d=0.41 | 0.019, d=0.42 | 0.011, d=0.45 | ns | |
| Combination 4+ | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 3.4±2.2 (2.9 to 4.0) | 3.3±2.6 (2.7 to 4.0) | 3.6±2.7 (2.9/4.3) | 3.1±2.7 (2.4 to 3.8) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 2.7±2.3 (2.2 to 3.3) | 2.5±2.6 (1.9 to 3.1) | 2.4±2.5 (1.9/3.0) | 3.1±3.0 (2.4 to 3.8) | |
| p=, d | ns | ns | 0.011, d=.48 | ns | |
| Straight rear hit % | Pre-2013 (95% CI) | 22.8±10.6 (20.0 to 25.6) | 23.4±22.5 (17.5 to 29.3) | 23.7±14.5 (19.8 to 27.5) | 22.1±16.6 (17.8 to 26.5) |
| Post-2013 (95% CI) | 28.0±12.3 (25.2 to 30.8) | 27.8±22.1 (22.8 to 32.8) | 27.7±25.3 (22.0 to 33.5) | 29.0±20.7 (24.3 to 33.7) | |
| p=, d | 0.01, d=0.46 | ns | ns | 0.035, d=0.37 |
All variables are reported as absolute and are a direct comparison between pre-2013 and post-3013, unless otherwise denoted. A value is reported in the p=row, where a significant difference (p<0.05) exists between pre-2013 and post-2013 data. ‘Pre-2013’ refers to data from the Davis et al’s study.4 ‘Post-2013’ refers to data from the Davis et al’s study.7 The ‘Bout Average’ column represents the average of that parameter in all three rounds. d=Cohen’s d; this represents the effect size and is used to interpret the magnitude of difference between the pre-2013 and post-2013 data; this is reported where a significant difference was found.
ns, not significant.