Meta-analysis on the effects of walking interventions on biomedical indices of health
| Outcome | n | Effect size | Heterogeneity | ||||
| SDM | 95% CI | P* | T | I2 (%) | P† | ||
| Body mass | 42 | −0.134 | −0.233 to −0.034 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| BMI | 29 | −0.142 | −0.257 to −0.027 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
| Body fat | 29 | −0.216 | −0.336 to −0.096 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | |
| WC | 18 | −0.104 | −0.265 to 0.058 | 0.208 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.998 |
| WHR | 13 | −0.165 | −0.340 to 0.009 | 0.063 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.668 |
| SBP | 35 | −0.213 | −0.344 to −0.082 | 0.001 | 0.164 | 17.981 | 0.178 |
| DBP | 33 | −0.166 | −0.285 to −0.047 | 0.006 | 0.067 | 3.650 | 0.408 |
| TC | 38 | −0.123 | −0.242 to 0.001 | 0.052 | 0.150 | 15.547 | 0.205 |
| HDL-C | 36 | 0.035 | −0.080 to 0.150 | 0.553 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| LDL-C | 35 | 0.030 | −0.089 to 0.148 | 0.624 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.630 |
| TG | 35 | −0.084 | −0.201 to 0.033 | 0.161 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.876 |
| FG | 17 | −0.211 | −0.401 to −0.022 | 0.029 | 0.186 | 23.343 | 0.183 |
| VO2max | 31 | 0.528 | 0.391 to 0.664 | <0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.715 |
All estimates are from the meta-analysis using the random-effects model comparing an intervention group (walking) with a control group (no intervention).
BMI, body mass index (kg/m2);DBP, diastolic blood pressure (mmol/L); FG, fasting glucose (mmol/L); HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L); I2, heterogeneity (ratio of true heterogeneity to total observed variation); LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L); n, number of comparisons, body mass (kg); SBP, systolic blood pressure (mmol/L); SDM, standardised difference in means; T, Tau (estimate of the SD in true effect sizes); TC, total cholesterol (mmol/L); TG, triglycerides (mmol/L); VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; WC, waist circumference (cm); WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
*P value for SDM (test of the null hypothesis that the effect is zero).
†P value (test of the null hypothesis that all studies in the analysis share a common effect size).