Table 1

Cardiovascular screening components used by responding countries participating in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

ComponentAll
athletes, 
n (%)
Most
athletes, 
n (%)
Some athletes, 
n (%)
Few
athletes, 
n (%)
No
athletes, 
n (%)
Personal history75 (79.8)6 (6.4)7 (7.4)5 (5.3)1 (1.1)
Family history68 (72.3)12 (12.8)11 (11.7)3 (3.2)0
Physical examination71 (75.5)11 (11.7)9 (9.6)3 (3.2)0
ECG56 (59.6)14 (14.9)7 (7.4)8 (8.5)9 (9.6)
Echo23 (24.5)7 (7.4)25 (26.6)22 (23.4)17 (18.1)
Stress test22 (23.4)7 (7.4)19 (20.2)30 (31.9)16 (17.0)
PHx, FHx, PE66 (70.2)9 (9.6)13 (13.8)5 (5.3)1 (1.1)
PHx, FHx, PE, ECG49 (52.1)13 (13.8)13 (13.8)10 (10.6)9 (9.6)
PHx, FHx, PE, ECG, Echo21 (22.3)7 (7.4)25 (26.6)23 (24.5)18 (19.1)
PHx, FHx, PE, ECG, Echo, stress test17 (18.1)6 (6.4)18 (19.1)32 (34.0)21 (22.3)
  • Echo, echocardiogram.; FHx, family history; PE, physical examination; PHE, periodic health evaluation; PHx, personal history.