Constitutional/biomechanical factors and prevalence of hip osteoarthritis (n=597)
| Factors | Prevalence (%) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Crude | Adjusted 1 | Adjusted 2 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 40–59 | 13/256 (5.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ≥60 | 53/341 (15.5) | 3.44 (1.83 to 6.46)*** | 3.44 (1.80 to 6.57)*** | 2.93 (1.48 to 5.82)** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (<25) | 39/359 (10.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 23/180 (12.8) | 1.20 (0.69 to 2.08) | 1.18 (0.67 to 2.09) | 1.19 (0.66 to 2.17) |
| Obese (≥30) | 4/53 (7.5) | 0.67 (0.23 to 1.96) | 0.58 (0.20 to 1.72) | 0.48 (0.16 to 1.45) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 45/356 (12.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 21/241 (8.7) | 0.66 (0.38 to 1.14) | 0.90 (0.51 to 1.61) | 0.90 (0.49 to 1.65) |
| Hip injury | ||||
| No | 56/553 (10.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 9/18 (50.0) | 8.88 (3.38 to 23.28)*** | 10.01 (3.61 to 27.75)*** | 10.85 (3.80 to 30.96)*** |
| Knee alignment, 20s | ||||
| Normal | 59/519 (11.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Varus | 4/43 (9.3) | 0.80 (0.28 to 2.32) | 0.74 (0.25 to 2.17) | |
| Valgus | 3/17 (17.6) | 1.67 (0.47 to 5.99) | 1.64 (0.45 to 6.04) | |
| Sport: weight-bearing | ||||
| No | 19/232 (8.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 47/365 (12.9) | 1.66 (0.95 to 2.90) | 1.61 (0.91 to 2.85) | |
| Hypermobility, 20s | ||||
| ≤3/9 Beighton | 47/435 (10.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| ≥4/9 Beighton | 6/69 (8.7) | 0.79 (0.32 to 1.92) | 1.01 (0.40 to 2.53) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| No | 15/207 (7.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 19/215 (8.8) | 1.24 (0.61 to 2.51) | 1.11 (0.54 to 2.27) | 1.37 (0.65 to 2.90) |
| 2 or more | 32/175 (18.3) | 2.86 (1.50 to 5.49)** | 2.18 (1.10 to 4.31)* | 2.46 (1.19 to 5.06)* |
| Index:ring finger ratio | ||||
| Index=ring | 18/157 (11.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Index>ring | 6/57 (10.5) | 0.91 (0.34 to 2.42) | 1.14 (0.41 to 3.13) | |
| Index<ring | 38/362 (10.5) | 0.91 (0.50 to 1.64) | 0.70 (0.38 to 1.31) | |
| Finger nodes | ||||
| No | 61/549 (11.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 4/39 (10.3) | 0.91 (0.31 to 2.66) | 0.84 (0.28 to 2.54) | |
| Sport: impact | ||||
| No | 53/487 (10.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 13/110 (11.8) | 1.10 (0.58 to 2.09) | 1.00 (0.51 to 1.95) | |
| Widespread pain | ||||
| No | 58/555 (10.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 2/12 (16.7) | 1.71 (0.37 to 8.01) | 1.80 (0.36 to 8.99) | |
Adjusted 1: OR was adjusted for a priori confounders of age, sex and BMI.
Adjusted 2: a mutually adjusted model was fitted of the a priori confounders plus any significant factors/variables.
*P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
BMI, body mass index.