Table 2

Level of evidence (LOE) and Downs and Black criteria study quality assessment

First authorLOEDowns and Black questionTotal
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627
Anzalone93 4111–011––100–––101–100––0––9
Baker94 4111–211––110–––011–101––0––13
Black65 6111–011––100–––101–110––0––10
Broglio95 4110–011––001–––101–110––0––9
Brooks52 4111–011––000–––101–110––0––9
Brown92 4111–011––010–––111–101––1––10
Buckley48 4111–211––110–––111–111––0––13
Clausen42 3111–211––000–––111–101––1––11
Collins49 4111–211––111–––101–110––0––13
Corwin91 4110–011––110–––010–111––0––9
Crowe43 4111–211––110–––110–111––0––12
Darling36 4111–011––011–––011–111––0––11
Elbin54 4111–011––110–––111–111––1––14
Field96 4111–210––111–––111–111––1––14
Gill55 4111–011––110–––111–101––0––12
Henry38 4111–211––100–––111–101––0––11
Hutchison56 4110–011––110–––111–110––0––11
Iverson97 4111–211––101–––111–111––0––13
Kontos50 4111–111––111–––111–111––0––13
Kriz58 4111–211––110–––111–101––0––14
Lau33 4111–011––110–––111–111––0––11
Lax98 4111–111––011–––111–111––1––13
Lovell99 4111–111––111–––111–101––0––12
Lovell60 4111–111––110–––101–100––1––11
Lynall61 4111–011––100–––011–111––0––10
Maerlender41 211012111111010011111110011525
Makdissi62 4111–011––011–––111–111––1––12
Maugans83 4111–111––111–––111–111––1––14
Mautner45 4111–111––111–––111–111––0––13
McClincy63 4111–210––011–––101–100––0––10
McDevitt100 4111–211––100–––111–101––0––11
McGrath46 4111–211––100–––011–101––0––11
Meehan51 4111–111––110–––111–111––1––13
Miller101 4111–011––100–––101–110––0––10
Morgan102 4111–111––110–––111–111––0––12
Murugavel57 4111–011––110–––111–110––0––12
Nelson66 4111–111––101–––111–110––1––14
Newsome67 4111–011––100–––101–100––0––9
Ono103 4111–001––000–––111–111––1––9
Ransom64 6111–111––111–––101–100––0––11
Slobounov86 4111–210––111–––111–111––1––14
Slobounov84 4111–211––011–––111–111––1––14
Terwilliger68 4111–-011––110–––101–100––0––10