Participant characteristics and return to pivoting sport (n=210)
| Variables | Pivoting sport (n=109) | Not pivoting sport (n=101) |
| Median (range) age at surgery, years | 24.6 (13–48)* | 27.1 (13–61)* |
| Median (range) BMI at 6-month FU | 23.2 (15.7–33.9) | 23.3 (16.2–30.4) |
| Mean (SD) BMI at 15-year FU | 26.1 (3.5) | 26.5 (3.8) |
| Female, n (%) | 46 (51) | 45 (49) |
| Male, n (%) | 63 (52) | 56 (48) |
| Isolated injury up to 15-year FU, n (%) | 49 (60) | 33 (40) |
| Combined injury up to 15-year FU, n (%) | 60 (46) | 68 (54) |
| Unilateral ACL tear, n (%) | 85 (52) | 79 (48) |
| Bilateral ACL tear, n (%) | 24 (52) | 22 (48) |
| Reinjury up to 15-year FU (%) | 24 (57) | 18 (43) |
| No reinjury up to 15-year FU (%)† | 84 (50) | 83 (50) |
| Hamstrings graft, n (%) | 16 (55) | 13 (45) |
| Patellar tendon graft, n (%) | 93 (51) | 89 (49) |
| Median (range) months injury to surgery (n=195) | 5 (0–260)* | 9 (0–278)* |
| Median (range) Cincinnati at 6-month FU | 82 (36–100)* | 74 (44–100)* |
| Median (range) Cincinnati at 1-year FU | 88 (60–100) | 84.5 (41–100) |
| Median (range) Cincinnati at 2-year FU | 89 (57–100) | 90 (37–100) |
| Mean (SD) quads strength J/BW at 6-month FU | 8.6 (2.9) | 8.2 (2.8) |
| Mean (SD) quads strength J/BW at 1-year FU | 10.4 (2.2) | 9.9 (2.3) |
| Mean (SD) quads strength J/BW at 2-year FU | 11.1 (1.9) | 10.6 (2.2) |
| Tegner preinjury (<6), n (%)‡ | 3 (14)* | 18 (86)* |
| Tegner preinjury (≥6), n (%)‡ | 39 (51) | 38 (49) |
| Tegner at 2-year FU (<6), n (%)‡ | 13 (32)* | 45 (79)* |
| Tegner at 2-year FU (≥6), n (%)‡ | 28 (68) | 12 (21) |
*P<0.05.
†n=1 missing data for reinjuries.
‡Total n=98. Reinjuries consisted of ACL graft tears (n=18) and meniscal reinjuries (n=24). The categorical variables were analysed with Pearson’s Χ2 test (sex, isolated vs combined injury, unilateral vs bilateral injury, reinjury vs no reinjury, and graft type).
BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; FU, follow-up; J, Joules.