Table 1

International Ankle Consortium ROAST

What clinicians should assess following acute lateral ankle sprain injury	Why?	How?
Ankle joint pain	Guide progression of exercise-based rehabilitation. Assess the efficacy of treatments implemented.	Numeric rating scale for pain.35 FADI.36
Ankle joint swelling	Swelling can cause arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Guide progression of exercise-based rehabilitation. Evaluate the efficacy of treatments implemented.	Figure-of-eight.38–41
Ankle joint range of motion	High propensity for the development of a dorsiflexion deficit. Impairments in ankle joint range of motion are consistently identified in individuals with CAI.	Weight-bearing lunge test.44–46
Ankle joint arthrokinematics	Disruption in ankle joint arthrokinematics can result in a dorsiflexion deficit. Impairments in ankle joint arthrokinematics are regularly identified in individuals with CAI.	Posterior talar glide test.48
Ankle joint muscle strength	Impairments in ankle joint strength compromise the functional integrity of the ankle joint. Impairments in ankle joint strength are regularly identified in individuals with CAI.	Hand-held dynamometry.53
Static postural balance	Impairments in static postural balance are consistently identified in individuals with CAI.	BESS.56 FLT.57
Dynamic postural balance	Impairments in dynamic postural balance are consistently identified in individuals with CAI.	SEBT.58
Gait	Impairments in gait are consistently identified in individuals with CAI.	Visual assessment for antalgic gait.
Physical activity level	Guide the specificity of exercise-based rehabilitation.	Tegner activity-level scale.63
Ankle joint specific patient-reported outcome measures	Evaluate the efficacy of treatments implemented.	FADI.36 FAAM.65

BESS, Balance Error Scoring System; CAI, chronic ankle instability; FAAM, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure; FADI, Foot and Ankle Disability Index; FLT, Foot Lift Test; ROAST, Rehabilitation-Oriented AS-sessmenT; SEBT, Star Excursion Balance Test.