Table 2

Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population according to the type of sports participated

Parameter	Skill (s) n=227	Power (p) n=193	Mixed (m) n=345	Endurance (e) n=293	P values
Age, years	24±6	24±4	24±6	24±5	0.908
Height, cm	172±10*†	174±10*†	185±11‡§†	178±10*‡§	<0.001
Weight, kg	68±14§*†	73±18‡*	78±12‡§†	71±13‡*	<0.001
BSA, m²	1.80±0.22§*†	1.86±0.25‡*	2.02±0.22‡§†	1.89±0.22‡*	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	23±3§†	24±4‡*†	23±2§†	22±2§*	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	82±9*	82±10*	85±6‡§†	82±7*	<0.001
Body fat, %	20±7§†	16±7‡	18±6†	15±5‡*	<0.001
Systolic BP, mm Hg	111±12†	112±14†	113±11†	116±11‡§*	<0.001
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	71±9†	71±9†	72±8	73±8‡§	0.008
Heart rate, bpm	61±11*	59±11†	58±10‡†	54±10‡§*	<0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	95±7†	93±7	93±8	93±8‡	0.034
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	186±39	178±32	180±32	180±34	0.105
HDL, mg/dL	63±16†	63±16†	62±14†	68±19‡§*	<0.001
LDL, mg/dL	109±32§†	101±29‡	102±29	101±27‡	0.005
Triglycerides, mg/dL	79±32	77±37	78±37	72±38	0.146
Positive family Hx, n (%)	48 (21)	31 (16)	61 (18)	45 (15)	0.348
Max. exercise load, watts	209±52§*†	228±52‡*†	248±44‡§†	282±66§‡*	<0.001
Peak systolic BP, mm Hg	174±20*†	177±22*†	184±21‡§	191±22‡§	<0.001
Peak diastolic BP, mm Hg	73±9	75±9	75±9	73±9	0.050
LV wall thickness, mm	9±1§*†	9±1†‡	10±1‡†	10±1‡§*	<0.001
LV cavity diameter, mm	49±4§†	51±4‡†	53±4‡§†	55±5‡§*	<0.001
Ejection fraction, %	65±6	65±6	64±6	65±6	0.579
Left atrial diameter, mm	33±4§*†	34±4‡†	35±4‡†	37±4‡§*	<0.001
Aortic root, mm	29±4*†	30±4*†	31±3‡§	31±4‡§	<0.001
LV mass index, g/m²	84±15§*†	93±18‡†	94±17‡†	115±23‡§*	<0.001
E/A ratio	1.9±0.5	1.9±0.6	1.9±0.5†	2.0±0.5*	0.014
TDI e’, cm/s	14±2	14±2	14±2	14±2	0.104
E/e’ ratio	6.5±1.4	6.7±1.6*	6.3±1.3§	6.5±1.3	0.012

*Mixed.
†Endurance.
‡Skill.
§Power.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricle; max, maximum; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging.