Table 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode1

At least 5 symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks (at least 1 of the symptoms must be depressed mood, or decreased interest or pleasure):

  • Depressed mood or (in children) irritable most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (eg, feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (eg, appears tearful)

  • Decreased interest or pleasure in most activities, most of each day

  • Significant weight change or change in appetite

  • Insomnia or hypersomnia

  • Change in activity: psychomotor agitation or retardation

  • Fatigue or loss of energy

  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

  • Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

  • Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide