Schizophrenia |
At least two of the following five features (at least one of which must be one of the first three): delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech; marked behavioural disturbance; negative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression or avolition. Marked deterioration in functioning. Continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months. Associated features may support the diagnosis: Inappropriate affect such as laughing in the absence of an appropriate stimulus. Dysphoric mood with anxiety, anger or depression. Cognitive deficits (which are strongly linked to functional impairments), for example, in memory, language and executive functions. Deficits in social cognition, for example, inability to infer the intentions of others.
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Delusional disorder |
One or more delusions for at least 1 month. Hallucinations are not prominent and if present relate to the delusional theme (eg, sensations of insect infestation when delusions are of infestation). Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning and behaviour are not markedly impaired or bizarre.
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Brief psychotic disorder |
Symptoms of at least one of the following: delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech. Disorganised behaviour may or may not be present. Duration between 1 day and 1 month. Level of impairment may be severe but eventually return to full functioning. May occur in response to a severe stressor (and then sometimes called brief reactive psychosis).
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Schizophreniform disorder |
Characteristic symptoms identical to schizophrenia (at least two of five features, at least one of which must be one of the first three). Shorter duration (1–6 months). May be a provisional diagnosis, that is, when the patient still has ongoing symptoms but it has not yet been 6 months.
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Schizoaffective disorder |
An uninterrupted period of the illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with at least two of the five features of schizophrenia. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime of the illness. Symptoms meeting criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness. Classified as bipolar type if any manic episodes have occurred and depressive type if mood episodes have been exclusively depressive.
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Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition |
Prominent delusions or hallucinations with significant distress or functional impairment. Evidence via history, examination or laboratory findings that symptoms are the direct pathophysiological consequence of the medical condition. Symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder or by delirium.
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Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder |
Delusions and/or hallucinations with significant distress or functional impairment. Symptoms emerge during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal (per evidence from history, examination or laboratory findings). The substance is known to be capable of producing delusions and/or hallucinations. Symptoms not better explained by another psychotic disorder or by delirium.
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Attenuated psychosis syndrome (included in the DSM-5 as a Condition for Further Study) |
Must have one of the following at least once per week for the past month: delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech. Symptoms are distressing and disabling. Symptoms are below threshold for diagnosis of any other psychotic disorder (eg, less severe and/or more transient).
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