Risk of bias assessment scores of the 10 included cohort studies
| Study | Criteria | Total score | Risk of bias | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
| Barge-Caballero et al24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | High |
| Hein et al20 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | High |
| Kaufman et al21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | High |
| Mahieu et al16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | High |
| Milgrom et al22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | High |
| Owens et al17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | High |
| Rabin et al18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | High |
| Van der Linden et al25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | High |
| Van Ginckel et al19 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | High |
| Wezenbeek et al23 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | High |
Outcomes of the risk of bias assessment tool as presented in table 1. Publications were considered to be of low risk of bias if: (1) a total score of at least 6 points was given and (2) 1 point was given to questions 6, 7, 8 and 10 (marked with the grey columns).