Percentage of illnesses and illness incidence proportions per 1000 registered athletes with 95% CI, for affected systems, causes, estimated duration of time loss and main diagnoses during outdoor championships according to the discipline category and the sex
| Explosive disciplines | Endurance disciplines | |||||||||||
| Total (n=6648) | Female (n=3116) | Male (n=3532) | Total (n=3033) | Female (n=1312) | Male (n=1721) | |||||||
| % | Incidence | % | Incidence | % | Incidence | % | Incidence | % | Incidence | % | Incidence | |
| Total number of illnesses | 100.0 | 39.4 (34.7 to 44.1) | 100.0 | 42.0 (35.0 to 49.1) | 100.0 | 37.1 (30.9 to 43.3) | 100.0 | 73.9 (64.5 to 83.2) | 100.0 | 85.4 (70.2 to 100.5) | 100.0 | 65.1 (53.4 to 76.7) |
| Affected system | ||||||||||||
| Upper respiratory tract | 37.8 | 14.9 (12.0 to 17.8) | 32.8 | 13.8 (9.7 to 17.9) | 42.7 | 15.9 (11.7 to 20.0) | 18.8 | 13.8 (9.7 to 18.0) | 16.1 | 13.7 (7.4 to 20.0) | 21.4 | 13.9 (8.4 to 19.5) |
| Lower respiratory tract | 2.7 | 1.1 (0.3 to 1.8) | 3.1 | 1.3 (0.0 to 2.5) | 2.3 | 0.8 (−0.1 to 1.8) | 2.2 | 1.6 (0.2 to 3.1) | 0.9 | 0.8 (−0.7 to 2.3) | 3.6 | 2.3 (0.0 to 4.6) |
| Gastrointestinal | 22.1 | 8.7 (6.5 to 11.0) | 27.5 | 11.6 (7.8 to 15.3) | 16.8 | 6.2 (3.6 to 8.8) | 17.4 | 12.9 (8.8 to 16.9) | 20.5 | 17.5 (10.4 to 24.6) | 14.3 | 9.3 (4.8 to 13.8) |
| Cardiovascular | 2.3 | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.6) | 3.1 | 1.3 (0.0 to 2.5) | 1.5 | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | 34.4 | 25.4 (19.8 to 31.0) | 32.1 | 27.4 (18.6 to 36.3) | 36.6 | 23.8 (16.6 to 31.0) |
| Urogenital, gynaecological or reproductive | 3.8 | 1.5 (0.6 to 2.4) | 7.6 | 3.2 (1.2 to 5.2) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 2.7 | 2.0 (0.4 to 3.6) | 5.4 | 4.6 (0.9 to 8.2) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) |
| Neurological, central nervous system | 10.7 | 4.2 (2.7 to 5.8) | 7.6 | 3.2 (1.2 to 5.2) | 13.7 | 5.1 (2.7 to 7.4) | 6.7 | 4.9 (2.4 to 7.4) | 10.7 | 9.1 (4.0 to 14.3) | 2.7 | 1.7 (−0.2 to 3.7) |
| Dermatological/skin | 6.1 | 2.4 (1.2 to 3.6) | 8.4 | 3.5 (1.4 to 5.6) | 3.8 | 1.4 (0.2 to 2.7) | 3.1 | 2.3 (0.6 to 4.0) | 3.6 | 3.0 (0.1 to 6.0) | 2.7 | 1.7 (−0.2 to 3.7) |
| Psychiatric/psychological | 3.1 | 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0) | 2.3 | 1.0 (−0.1 to 2.1) | 3.8 | 1.4 (0.2 to 2.7) | 7.6 | 5.6 (2.9 to 8.3) | 8.0 | 6.9 (2.4 to 11.3) | 7.1 | 4.6 (1.4 to 7.9) |
| Others (endocrine or metabolic, haematological or immunological, musculoskeletal, dental, ophthalmological/otological) | 11.1 | (2.8 to 5.9) | 7.6 | 3.2 (1.2 to 5.2) | 14.5 | 5.4 (3.0 to 7.8) | 6.7 | 4.9 (2.4 to 7.4) | 2.7 | 2.3 (−0.3 to 4.9) | 10.7 | 7.0 (3.0 to 10.9) |
| Causes of illnesses | ||||||||||||
| Pre-existing disease | 6.5 | 2.6 (1.3 to 3.8) | 7.6 | 3.2 (1.2 to 5.2) | 5.3 | 2.0 (0.5 to 3.4) | 2.7 | 2.0 (0.4 to 3.6) | 1.8 | 1.5 (−0.6 to 3.6) | 3.6 | 2.3 (0.0 to 4.6) |
| Infection | 42.4 | 16.7 (13.6 to 19.8) | 37.4 | 15.7 (11.4 to 20.1) | 47.3 | 17.6 (13.2 to 21.9) | 15.2 | 11.2 (7.5 to 15.0) | 15.2 | 13.0 (6.8 to 19.1) | 15.2 | 9.9 (5.2 to 14.6) |
| Environmental | 9.2 | 3.6 (2.2 to 5.1) | 10.7 | 4.5 (2.1 to 6.8) | 7.6 | 2.8 (1.1 to 4.6) | 13.4 | 9.9 (6.4 to 13.4) | 14.3 | 12.2 (6.3 to 18.1) | 12.5 | 8.1 (3.9 to 12.4) |
| Nutritional | 5.0 | 2.0 (0.9 to 3.0) | 6.1 | 2.6 (0.8 to 4.3) | 3.8 | 1.4 (0.2 to 2.7) | 1.3 | 1.0 (−0.1 to 2.1) | 0.9 | 0.8 (−0.7 to 2.3) | 1.8 | 1.2 (−0.4 to 2.8) |
| Drug reaction | 0.4 | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.4) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.8 | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.8) | 0.9 | 0.7 (−0.3 to 1.6) | 0.9 | 0.8 (−0.7 to 2.3) | 0.9 | 0.6 (−0.6 to 1.7) |
| Exercise related | 10.3 | 4.1 (2.5 to 5.6) | 10.7 | 4.5 (2.1 to 6.8) | 9.9 | 3.7 (1.7 to 5.7) | 50.9 | 37.6 (30.8 to 44.4) | 48.2 | 41.2 (30.4 to 51.9) | 53.6 | 34.9 (26.2 to 43.5) |
| Psychiatric | 1.1 | 0.5 (−0.1 to 1.0) | 0.8 | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | 1.5 | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | 0.4 | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.0) | 0.9 | 0.8 (−0.7 to 2.3) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) |
| Other | 22.5 | 8.9 (6.6 to 11.1) | 22.9 | 9.6 (6.2 to 13.1) | 22.1 | 8.2 (5.2 to 11.2) | 11.6 | 8.6 (5.3 to 11.9) | 16.1 | 13.7 (7.4 to 20.0) | 7.1 | 4.6 (1.4 to 7.9) |
| Severity of illnesses | ||||||||||||
| No time loss | 69.8 | 27.5 (23.6 to 31.5) | 71.8 | 30.2 (24.2 to 36.2) | 67.9 | 25.2 (20.0 to 30.4) | 50.9 | 37.6 (30.8 to 44.4) | 42.0 | 35.8 (25.8 to 45.9) | 59.8 | 38.9 (29.8 to 48.1) |
| Minor severity (time loss 1–7 days) | 23.3 | 9.2 (6.9 to 11.5) | 20.6 | 8.7 (5.4 to 11.9) | 26.0 | 9.6 (6.4 to 12.8) | 33.9 | 25.1 (19.5 to 30.6) | 40.2 | 34.3 (24.5 to 44.1) | 27.7 | 18.0 (11.7 to 24.3) |
| Moderate severity (time loss 8–28 days) | 0.4 | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.4) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.8 | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.8) | 2.7 | 2.0 (0.4 to 3.6) | 3.6 | 3.0 (0.1 to 6.0) | 1.8 | 1.2 (−0.4 to 2.8) |
| Main diagnoses of illnesses | ||||||||||||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 26.0 | 10.2 (7.8 to 12.6) | 19.1 | 8.0 (4.9 to 11.2) | 32.8 | 12.2 (8.6 to 15.8) | 9.4 | 6.9 (4.0 to 9.9) | 10.7 | 9.1 (4.0 to 14.3) | 8.0 | 5.2 (1.8 to 8.6) |
| Exercise-induced dehydration/fatigue/ hypotension/collapse | 2.7 | 1.1 (0.3 to 1.8) | 3.8 | 1.6 (0.2 to 3.0) | 1.5 | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | 34.4 | 25.4 (19.8 to 31.0) | 31.3 | 26.7 (18.0 to 35.4) | 37.5 | 24.4 (17.1 to 31.7) |
| Gastroenteritis/diarrhoea | 15.3 | 6.0 (4.2 to 7.9) | 17.6 | 7.4 (4.4 to 10.4) | 13.0 | 4.8 (2.5 to 7.1) | 9.8 | 7.3 (4.2 to 10.3) | 9.8 | 8.4 (3.5 to 13.3) | 9.8 | 6.4 (2.6 to 10.2) |
| Cardiovascular pain | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) |
| Neurological | 5.7 | 2.3 (1.1 to 3.4) | 3.1 | 1.3 (0.0 to 2.5) | 8.4 | 3.1 (1.3 to 5.0) | 3.1 | 2.3 (0.6 to 4.0) | 3.6 | 3.0 (0.1 to 6.0) | 2.7 | 1.7 (−0.2 to 3.7) |
| Other diagnoses | 49.6 | 19.6 (16.2 to 22.9) | 43.5 | 18.3 (13.6 to 23.0) | 55.7 | 20.7 (16.0 to 25.4) | 56.7 | 41.9 (34.7 to 49.0) | 55.4 | 47.3 (35.8 to 58.7) | 58.0 | 37.8 (28.8 to 46.8) |