Estimated mean difference versus CON | P value versus other exercise groups | |||||||||
CON (n=18) | BIKE (n=34) | MOD (n=39) | VIG (n=38) | BIKE | MOD | |||||
versus MOD | versus VIG | versus VIG | ||||||||
Peripheral insulin sensitivity | ||||||||||
Metabolic clearance rate of glucose, mL/min/pmolinsulin/L*† | ||||||||||
3 months | 0.68 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.78) | 8% (95% CI 9% to 28%) | 0.38 | 14% (95% CI 3% to 33%) | 0.12 | 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%) | 0.009 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
6 months | 0.66 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.76) | 20% (95% CI 1% to 43%) | 0.037 | 17% (95% CI 0% to 37%) | 0.053 | 26% (95% CI 7% to 47%) | 0.005 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.28 |
Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||||||
VO2peak, mL/kg/min* | ||||||||||
3 months | 29.3 (95% CI 27.4 to 31.1) | 4.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 6.7) | <0.001 | 2.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 4.3) | 0.041 | 4.0 (95% CI 1.8 to 6.2) | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.047 |
6 months | 28.5 (95% CI 26.4 to 30.6) | 4.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 7.5) | <0.001 | 3.4 (95% CI 1.0 to 5.8) | 0.006 | 5.8 (95% CI 3.3 to 8.4) | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.44 | 0.026 |
Intra-abdominal adipose tissue | ||||||||||
Mass, g* | ||||||||||
3 months | 2080 (95% CI 1922 to 2239) | −192 (95% CI 329 to −54) | 0.007 | −167 (95% CI 292 to −41) | 0.01 | −193 (95% CI 327 to −58) | 0.006 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.64 |
6 months | 2195 (95% CI 2022 to 2369) | −323 (95% CI 491 to −155) | <0.001 | −303 (95% CI 456 to −151) | <0.001 | −420 (95% CI 586 to −255) | <0.001 | 0.78 | 0.21 | 0.096 |
Presented results are estimates obtained from the linear mixed models used for the analysis. Data are presented as estimated means (95% CIs) for CON and as estimated mean differences from CON (95% CIs) and p values for BIKE, MOD and VIG. Additionally, p values for comparisons between exercise groups at are listed.
*Adjusted for gender.
†Data were transformed for analysis and results have been back transformed for presentation.
BIKE, active commuting group; CON, control group; MOD, moderate intensity exercise group; VIG, vigorous intensity exercise group; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake.