Characteristics of included studies
| Participant characteristics | Outcome measures | ||||||||
| KOA diagnosis | N total (N males) | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | K-L grade | Pain | Patient-reported function | Physical function tests | QoL | |
| Ashok21 | U, MC | 30 (14) | 52 (5.2) | NR | 1–3 | Global | WOMAC | ||
| Bennell et al 19 | MC, pain ≥25/100 | 100 (48) | 62.7 (7.3) | 29.7 (3.9) | 2–4 | Global, walking | WOMAC | 10 m walk Stair negotiation 30 s STS; step test Square step test Single leg balance | AQoL |
| Callaghan et al 41 | ACR | 18 (12) | 59 (range 35–80) | NR | NR | Global | 50 m walk | ||
| Chaipinyo and Karoonsupcharoen 24 | ACR | 48 (11) | 62 (6) | 25 (4) | NR | KOOS-pain | KOOS-PS | 50 m walk; 15 m walk TUG/GUAG Stair negotiation | KOOS-QoL |
| Olagbegi et al 25 | ACR | 55 (4) | 61.1 (13.75) | 31.26 (8.54) | 2 only | Global, walking | PASE | ||
| Ozdincler et al 23 | ACR | 30 (2) | 54.5 (7.36) | NR | 2 only | Global, KPS | 50 m walk; 10 m walk Stair negotiation 10 squat time | ||
| Singh et al 22 | ACR MC, U/B, pain≥3/10 | 30 (14) | 55.33 (3.99) | NR | 2–3 | WOMAC | 6 MWT | ||
| Verma et al 20 | U, MC | 30 (NR) | 50–70 | NR | NR | Global | WOMAC | TUG/GUAG Step test | |
Pain outcome measures: global pain measured on visual analogue scale; KOOS-pain; KPS.
Patient-reported function: WOMAC; KOOS-PS; PASE.
Physical function tests: 30 s STS; TUG/GUAG; 6MWT.
Diagnosis: ACR meets clinical criteria for classification and reporting of KOA.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; B, bilateral; U, unilateral; MC, medial compartment; 6MWT, 6 min walk test; KOA, knee osteoarthritis; KOOS-pain, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale; KPS, Knee Pain Score; KOOS-PS, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; NR, not reported; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; K-L, Kellgren-Lawrence; QoL, quality of life; AQoL, assessment of quality of life; STS, sit to stand test; TUG/GUAG, timed up and go, get up and go; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; NR, not reported.