Table 4

Functional performance at 1 year post-ACLR: relationship with change in KOOS and IKDC between 1 and 5 years*

Change in KOOS and IKDC between 1 and 5 years
KOOS-SymptomsKOOS-PainKOOS-SportKOOS-QoLIKDC
Single HFDNo. (%)
 Raw score (cm)†0.05 (−0.09 to 0.19)−0.06 (−0.13 to 0.01)−0.11 (−0.27 to 0.05)−0.03 (−0.18 to 0.12)−0.02 (−0.12 to 0.08)
 Poor function (ref >90% LSI)‡31 (38%)1.35 (−5.70 to 8.41)−2.57 (−6.08 to 0.94)−1.68 (−9.04 to 5.67)−1.81 (−9.01 to 5.41)−1.27 (−6.07 to 3.52)
Triple-crossover HFD
 Raw score (cm)†0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07)−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.00)−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02)−0.01 (−0.05 to 0.04)0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03)
 Poor function (ref >90% LSI)‡26 (32%)2.56 (−4.30 to 9.42)−3.14 (−6.65 to 0.37)−3.14 (−6.65 to 0.37)−3.40 (−10.27 to 3.46)0.38 (−4.17 to 4.94)
Side-hop
 Raw score (repetitions)†0.22 (−0.08 to 0.52)0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10)−0.07 (−0.40 to 0.27)0.08 (−0.24 to 0.40)0.07 (−0.15 to 0.28)
 Poor function (ref >90% LSI)‡52 (64%)5.50 (−1.23 to 12.24)2.97 (−0.43 to 6.37)2.96 (−0.44 to 6.37)8.08 (1.56 to 14.61)1.27 (−3.08 to 5.63)
One-leg rise
 Raw score (repetitions)†−0.08 (−0.11 to 0.26)0.00 (−0.10 to 0.10)−0.04 (−0.25 to 0.18)0.09 (−0.10 to 0.29)0.09 (−0.04 to 0.22)
 Poor function (ref >90% LSI)‡36 (47%)§2.92 (−3.72 to 9.58)0.45 (−3.07 to 3.97)0.45 (−3.08 to 3.97)6.19 (−0.75 to 13.15)3.79 (−0.62 to 8.21)
Functional battery‡ (ref ≥90% LSI ≥any 1 test)
 Poor function all four tests§10 (13%)−2.78 (−12.44 to 6.88)−3.00 (−7.80 to 1.79)0.30 (−11.23 to 11.83)0.47 (−9.66 to 10.61)−0.05 (−6.64 to 6.54)
  • Bold values indicate a statistically significant association (p<0.05).

  • *Values are beta-coefficient (95% CIs). Analysis performed in n=81 completed functional assessment at 1 year, KOOS and IKDC at 1 and 5 years. n=76 for the one-leg rise and battery LSI% as five participants were not included, as they could not perform a valid one-leg rise on both ACLR and contralateral limb.

  • †The beta-coefficient represents the adjusted difference in KOOS or IKDC change score per unit decrease in the continuous exposure variables. (ie, cm or number of side-hop repetitions, ACLR limb).

  • ‡The beta-coefficient represents the adjusted difference in KOOS or IKDC in the presence of the dichotomous exposure variables (ie, poor function defined as <90% LSI), eg, those with <90% LSI had on average 8.08 points greater improvement on the KOOS-QoL than those with >90%.

  • §Poor functional performance was defined as <90% LSI.

  • ACLR, ACL reconstruction; HFD, hop for distance; IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; LSI, limb symmetry index; QoL, quality of life.