Summary of the study population, design and intervention characteristics of adult sedentary behaviour interventions ≥7 days with biomarker outcomes
| Characteristic | Count* | Detail | |
| Population / study characteristics (54 studies) | |||
| Sample size | Median n / study | 57 | Lowest=12, highest=1113 |
| Total n | 5217 | Female n=3065 (48.4%), male n=3265 (51.6%) | |
| Location (continent and country: ISO 2-digit country codes) | North America | 20 | USA 16, CA 4 |
| Europe | 19 | UK 5, DK 4, SE 3, ES 2, NL 1, DK & GL 1, FI 1, IT 1, UK & NL & NO & PT 1 | |
| Australia | 10 | ||
| Asia | 4 | TW 2, CN 1, JP 1 | |
| Africa | 1 | ZA 1 | |
| Ethnicity | >50% Caucasian / ‘white’ | 18 | |
| <50% Caucasian / ‘white’ | 2 | ||
| Not reported | 33 | ||
| Clinical population | Clinical condition | 11 | T2D 4, cancer 2, rheumatoid arthritis 2, obstructive sleep apnoea 1, intellectual disability 1, coronary artery disease 1 |
| Clinical risk factors only | 17 | Adiposity 14, chronic disease risk (+adiposity) 3 | |
| Healthy / general | 26 | ||
| Screening | Sedentary job / behaviour | 25 | 11 also screened for PA, 14 did not |
| Physical activity (PA) | 30 | 11 also screened for PA, 19 did not | |
| Study design | Randomised controlled trial | 39 | 8 cluster / 31 individually randomised 34 parallel group / 3 crossover / 1 other † |
| Non-randomised controlled trial | 5 | 1 cluster / 4 individually allocated 5 parallel group / 0 crossover | |
| Multiarm (no controls) | 5 | 1 cluster randomised / 4 individually randomised | |
| Pre–post (single arm) | 5 | ||
| Primary outcomes | Includes sedentary | 22 | |
| Includes biomarker(s) | 10 | ||
| Includes both | 1 | ||
| Includes neither | 21 | PA 8 / PA and diet 1, unstated 6, feasibility 5, fitness 1 | |
| Intervention characteristics (56 interventions) | |||
| Duration | 3 months or less | 28 | |
| >3 to 6 months | 16 | ||
| >6 months | 12 | ||
| Setting | Workplace | 27 | |
| Community | 18 | ||
| Other | 11 | Hospital 5, primary care 4, domestic 1, education 1 | |
| N components | Multicomponent | 34 | Workplace 13, community / other 21 |
| Single component | 22 | Workplace 14, community / other 8 | |
| Components‡ | Counselling / education | 41 | Workplace 13, community / other 28 |
| Environmental modification | 34 | Workplace 26, community / other 8 | |
| Prompting | 12 | Workplace 6, community / other 6 | |
| Structured 'activity' | 5 | Workplace 2, community / other 4 | |
| Device self-monitoring | 23 | Workplace 5, community / other 18 | |
| Device social comparison | 7 | Workplace 3, community / other 4 | |
| Financial incentives | 2 | Workplace 1, community / other 1 | |
| Sedentary targets / messaging‡ | Domain specific message | 29 | |
| Accumulation | 21 | ||
| Quantitative volume target | 14 | ||
*Count out of 54 studies or 56 interventions as indicated in the table unless other statistic is mentioned (eg, median).
†Almost a randomised controlled trial (parallel groups) except re-enrolled some controls into the intervention on completion.
‡Not mutually exclusive (interventions can have multiple components, multiple messages).
T2D, type 2 diabetes.