Baseline characteristics
| CFT | N | Group intervention | N | |
| Age (years) | 47.0 (13.2) | 106 | 50.6 (14.9) | 96 |
| Sex | 106 | 100 | ||
| Male | 24 (22.6%) | 30 (30%) | ||
| Female | 82 (77.4) | 70 (70%) | ||
| Time since diagnosis of LBP (months) | 56 [24, 120) | 104 | 60 (24, 156) | 88 |
| Disability (ODI) | 32.05 (12.55) | 106 | 33.51 (12.61) | 100 |
| Pain (NRS) | 6.17 (2.17) | 103 | 5.69 (2.23). | 91 |
| Risk of chronicity (0–100) | 54.68 (13.90) | 102 | 54.27 (15.19) | 88 |
| No of pain sites (1–9) | 3.60 (1.87) | 99 | 4.08 (2.15) | 85 |
| Stress (0–42) | 15.23 (10.44) | 99 | 6.51 (11.37) | 83 |
| Fear of physical activity (0–24) | 14.31 (5.92) | 94 | 16.03 (5.23) | 78 |
| Coping (0–30) | 17.02 (6.02) | 90 | 16.05 (7.07) | 74 |
| Pain self-efficacy (0–60) | 33.76 (12.20) | 99 | 34.42 (12.44) | 83 |
| General health (0–13) | 9.07 (5.27) | 100 | 9.66 (6.20) | 86 |
| Socioeconomic status (0–100) | 60 (20.32) | 99 | 51.75 (16.62) | 80 |
CFT, cognitive functional therapy; LBP, low back pain; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale;ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.