WADA’s Prohibited List class | Substance or method | Male athletes N (%) | Female athletes N (%) | All athletes N (%) |
S1 | Anabolic Agents | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.02%) | 2 (0.01%) |
S2 | Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics | 8 (0.07%) | 3 (0.03%) | 11 (0.05%) |
S3 | Beta-2 Agonists | 59 (0.51%) | 34 (0.39%) | 93 (0.46%) |
S4 | Hormone and metabolic modulators | 5 (0.04%) | 3 (0.03%) | 8 (0.04%) |
S2/S4 | Insulin (changed categories) | 13 (0.11%) | 2 (0.02%) | 15 (0.07%) |
S5 | Diuretics and masking agents | 1 (0.01%) | 2 (0.02%) | 3 (0.01%) |
S6 | Stimulants | 4 (0.03%) | 21 (0.24%) | 25 (0.12%) |
S7 | Narcotics | 3 (0.03%) | 2 (0.02%) | 5 (0.02%) |
S8 | Cannabinoids | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
S9 | Glucocorticoids | 30 (0.26%) | 17 (0.2%) | 47 (0.23%) |
M1 | Manipulation of blood and blood components | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
M2 | Chemical and physical manipulation | 1 (0.01%) | 5 (0.06%) | 6 (0.03%) |
M3 | Gene and cell doping | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
P1 | Beta blockers (prohibited only in some sports) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
WADA, World Anti-Doping Agency.