Grading of evidence pharmacological interventions to manage jet lag in athletes
| A. Randomised controlled trials | ||||||||||
| Category | Number of studies | Total participants (intervention group) | Actual (A) or simulated (S) travel | Athlete specific | Risk of bias | Consistency | Directness | Precision | Publication bias | Total GRADE rating |
| Melatonin | 0 | |||||||||
| Sedatives | 0 | |||||||||
| Stimulants | 4 | 508 (339) | Low-to-moderate | */† | † | */‡ | */† | Moderate-to-high | ||
| Rosenberg, et al
41
Lagarde, et al 42 Piérard, et al 43 Beaumont, et al 44 | 427 (285) 27 (18) 27 (18) 27 (18) | A A A A | No No No No | One study explored armodafinil, the other three studies had clinical and methodological homogeneity | (The evidence answers the review question) | Effect size and CIs not reported | Pharma industry driven (armodafinil) | +++ | ||
| Melatonin analogues | 3 | 635 (480) | Low-to-moderate | † | † | * | * | Moderate | ||
| Rajaratnam, et al
46
Richardson, et al 47 Zee, et al 48 | 39+411 (31+308) 75 (60) 110 (81) | S S A | No No No | Well designed and executed studies | (The evidence answers the review question) |
| Pharma industry driven | +++ | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 0 | |||||||||
| Antihistamines | 0 | |||||||||
| TOTAL | 7 | 1143 (819) | ||||||||
*Some problems.
†No serious problems.
‡Major problems.